| Lu Jiuyuan’s theory of mind,as a theory competing with Zhu Xi’s theory,occupies an important position in the history of Song and Ming Dynasties.The first chapter of this paper,introduces the historical background of Lu Jiuyuan’s theory,his knowledge background,his life,and the origin of his thoughts.Lu Jiuyuan lived in a time when on the one hand,the state power was unstable;on the other hand,due to the development of the economy,the people became want to have more money.A scholar learned only to pass examinations,so that he can became an official and make money.Facing the bad social conduct,Lu Jiuyuan founded Xiangshan mind theory in order to correct people’s belief.Lu Jiuyuan was born in a Confucian family and he was a Confucian intellectual.His life,to teach student with his theory,and became an official in Jingmen,fully present his Confucian spirit of responsibility.Because his ancestors paid equal attention to Confucianism and Buddhism and lived near Buddhist temples,he was also influenced by Buddhism.This also leads to his learning has long been mistaken as a Buddhist academic.There are three theories about the origin of his thought in the academic world: from Mencius,from Cheng Hao and and Cheng Yi,from Buddhism.Lu Jiuyuan claimed his thought from Mencius.The second chapter analyzes the similarities and differences between Lu Jiuyuan’s theory and Buddhism’s.Although there are some similarities between the two,such as "look into you heart" and " clear the mind of you",there are the fundamentally differences in two.This chapter analyzes the similarities and differences between the two theories from every parts.As a Confucian scholar,Lu Jiuyuan believed that one should expand the kindness of one’s heart,and finally reach the perfect state of moral cultivation,and become a saint.Buddhism believes that one should be free from life to death and reach Nirvana.Lu Jiuyuan criticized the uddhism’s pursuit only of the personal profit too selfish for many times.This is the most essential difference between Lu Jiuyuan’s theory and Buddhism.The third chapter discusses the dispute of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan.They had a fierce debate on "respecting morality" and "study knowledge " at the meeting in the Goose Lake.In reading methods,Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan also had differences.Zhu Xi believed that we should carefully read the annotations of each sentence,while Lu Jiuyuan believed that we should grasp the main meaning of the article.However,In their later years,they accepted each other.Zhu Xi approved Lu Jiuyua’s theory about the most important thing is to let one’s heart clear.Lu Jiuyuan also absorbed Zhu Xi’s theory for reading notes carefully.This chapter introduces in details the two sides of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan from the conflict to the integration,and the later development of their theories.Both Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan’s students made some mistakes in their academic inheritance.Lu Jiuyuan’s students did not know the importance of reading,but only try to inner comprehension.They even meditated all day,which led to lack of knowledge and even misunderstanding of Buddhism.Zhu Xi’s students did not finish reading his works,so they could not understand all of his theories,and could only quote some of their teachers’ opinions.The last chapter introduces the later development of Lu Jiuyuan’s academic research.Since Lu Jiuyuan often taught his students to focus on inner comprehension,his students misinterpreted him and spent all day studying meditation instead of reading,which led to many problems in the development of Lu Jiuyuan’s theory.In the Yuan Dynasty,the state attached great importance to Zhu Xi’s theory,but scholars all both studied the theories of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan at the same time.In the Ming Dynasty,when the doctrines of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan were in decline,Wang Yangming appeared.He put forward his own theory based on the theory of Lu Jiuyuan.And the theory which both founded by Lu Jiuyuan and Wang Yangming became an important academic in the Ming Dynasty. |
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