The Breadth Of Speech Programs In Stutterers

Stuttering is a kind of speech fluency disorder.It shows that an individual clearly knows what he wants to express in the process of speaking,but it is difficult to express his thoughts because of the repetition,extension or pause of pronunciation.Because it has a significant impact on patients' daily communication,self-concept and social development.Therefore,stuttering has become a common research topic in psychology,pedagogy,cognitive neuroscience and many other disciplines.Speech planning scope has an important influence on speech fluency.One of the reasons for stuttering is that the speech planning scope is too small.By studying the speech planning scope of stutterers,we can explore the mechanism of stuttering and provide help for the correction of stutterers.Previous researchers have found that the speech planning scope of stutterers is smaller than that of non stutterers.However,when the speech planning scope of stutterers is too small,does it occur in the grammatical encoding stage or the phonological encoding stage? Or are there two stages?It's not clear.Therefore,in this study,16 adult stutterers and 20 adult non stutterers were selected by using OASES and SSI-4.Two experiments were conducted to explore the specific stage of the stutterers' speech planning scope being too small.Experiment one was conducted by all 36 subjects.The experimental design was2(subjects type: stutters,non stutters)×3(interference word type: semantically related,semantically unrelated,baseline)×3(location of interfering words:N1,N2,N3).Using picture-word interference paradigm and eye movement technology,the subjects were asked to say the corresponding sentence patterns quickly and accurately while ignoring the interference words.By analyzing the naming latency,duration of pronunciation,gaze duration,fixation rate and eye-voice span,we investigated whether the speech planning scope of stutterers was too small in the grammatical encoding stage.The results show that the duration of whole sentence pronunciation of stutterers was significantly longer than that of non stutterers,and the fixation rate at N3 of stutterers was significantly bigger than that of non stutterers.Experiment two was conducted by 35 subjects.The experimental design was 2(subjects type: stutters,non stutters)× 3(interference word type:phonologically related,phonologically unrelated,baseline)×3(location of interfering words: N1,N2,N3).Using picture-word interference paradigm and eye movement technology.By analyzing the naming latency,duration of pronunciation,gaze duration,fixation rate and eye-voice span,we investigated whether the speech planning scope of stutterers was too small in the phonological encoding stage.The result shows that the duration of whole sentence pronunciation of stutterers was significantly longer than that of non stutterers.Conclusion: In the grammatical encoding stage and the phonological encoding stage,stutters are prepared for the next unit by extending the duration of pronunciation.In the grammatical encoding stage,stutterers need more time to process the current target material.The speech planning scope of stutters is too small in the grammatical encoding stage and the phonological encoding stage.According to the conclusion of this study,we provide the following suggestions for the treatment of stutterers:(1)give yourself sufficient preparation time before speaking;(2)slow down the speed of speaking,adjust the mentality;(3)improve the speech fluency by reading aloud and following.