Heller Needs Critical Theoretical Research

"Need" occupies a very important position in the historical development of mankind.It can be said that the development history of human society is also a history of "need".After the Second World War,the unprecedented development of the world economy brought about the disconnection between people's material and spirit,which necessitated alienation and caused an unprecedented cultural crisis.Heller,as one of the most influential and representative members of the Budapest School,like other members of the school,was committed to the fundamental transcendence of the existing social system.Under the influence of her mentor Lukacs,Heller applied Marx's social theory to solve contemporary problems.Based on human needs and their satisfaction,she tries to achieve the goal of enriching human personality and unifying individual and class by means of structural transformation of human needs.Starting from the micro level,on the basis of the analysis and integration of Marx's numerous works on the need problem,she creatively put forward the critical theory of human need,which not only enriches and develops Marxism,but also provides us with a new perspective of capitalism criticism.This paper attempts to analyze the realistic background and theoretical source of Heller's critical need theory,sort out the theoretical connotation of his critical need theory,dig into the critical dimension contained in it,highlight the unique value of his microscopic view,and reflect on the significance and limitations of his critical need theory.