The Identification And Teaching Design Of The Universal Quantifier "all, Any, Whatever"

There are many universal quantifiers in Chinese,and there are certain similarities,differences and cross relations between syntax and semantics.This has been a hot issue that academia has been paying attention to for a long time.The paper selects the three universal quantifiers suoyou(??),renhe(??),fanshi(??)as the research object,and makes a comparative analysis of the three in terms of syntax and semantics,and analyzes the interchange of the three and the influencing factors.At the same time,it studies the acquisition of suoyou(??),renhe(??),fanshi(??)by foreign students,analyzes the types and causes of errors in the acquisition process,and then carries out targeted teaching design.In the aspect of syntactic analysis,this paper mainly analyzes the universal quantifiers suoyou(??),renhe(??),fanshi(??)from two aspects of syntactic function and common collocation.The three are often in the form of suoyou NP,renhe NP,fanshi NP.In terms of syntactic function,suoyou NP is mainly used as subject and object in a sentence,renhe NP is mainly an object and can also be used as a subject,fanshi NP can only be the subject.In terms of common collocation,the three can not only be used with nouns or noun phrases,but also with the adverb dou(?).However,there are some differences in the common collocation of the three.Suoyou(??)can be used with the plural men(?)and the pronoun zhe(?).Renhe(??)can be used with a quantitative construction.When it is negative,it is often co-appeared with ye(?).Fanshi(??)can be co-appeared with jiu(?)and de(?).There are similarities and differences in syntactic position and common collocation of the three quantifiers,which indicates that the universal quantifiers suoyou(??),renhe(??),fanshi(??)have both similarities and differences.In terms of semantic analysis,the semantic features of the universal quantifier suoyou(??),renhe(??),fanshi(??)are summarized.Because they are all universal quantifiers and have universal quantification meaning,they are the same in the semantic features of the table"summation".In addition,each has its own unique semantic characteristics.Suoyou(??)is deterministic,emphatic and restrictive,renhe(??)is arbitrary,negative and salient,fanshi(??)is categorical,conditional and subjective.The summative semantic features show the commonness of the three,while the differentiative semantic features highlight the differences.In terms of interchange analysis,analysis of the three interchange conditions and the factors affecting the interchange.From a macroscopic point of view,the condition that the three can be interchanged is consistent with the semantic characteristics of their differences.Interchange with suoyou(??)must express a realistic situation,with certainty;The interchange with renhe(??)needs to meet the requirement of arbitrary and negation,which is embodied in that NP can refer to the whole through individual,and most of the sentences interchanged with renhe(??)are negative sentences.The interchange with fanshi(??)must meet its categorization and conditionality,which is embodied in the fact that NP is in the subject position or the beginning of a sentence,cannot be a single noun,and is a sufficient condition for the predicate realization.The main factors affecting the interchange of suoyou(??),renhe(??),fanshi(??)are the syntactic functions and semantic features of the three.In terms of error analysis,the three types of errors mainly include mixed use,omission,misaddition and misorder.The main reasons for errors are the complexity of universal quantifiers themselves,the influence of negative language transfer,the influence of learners'individual factors and the influence of teaching materials.