A Study On The Influence Of Rural Infants And Young Children's Family Upbringing Environment On Early Childhood Development

Human capital is an important driver of technological innovation and sustainable economic growth.China's economy has entered a period of new normal.The economic growth will drive from mainly depending on factors driver to relying on innovation and technology progress,and the key to achieve this transformation is to improve the quality of human capital of labor in future.The formation and development of human capital is a long-term progress of continuous accumulation.0?3 year old is a critical period for children's development,and studies show investments in early childhood development have the highest return.The accumulation of human capital at this period not only predicts future academic performance and income,but also has a profound impact on social development.Family parenting environment plays an important role in early childhood development.The environment will affect people's survival and development,and as the main activity place of early childhood,family parenting environment is the main environment that infants are exposed to in early childhood.Existing studies pay more attention to specific parent-child interactions to analyze the influence of family parenting environment on early childhood development,including singing,playing games and telling stories.Few scholars have explored the influence of family parenting environment on early childhood development from sources of toys,varieties of toys,and varieties of parent-child interactive activities.From the prospective of research objects,existing studies mainly focused on the single type of rural infants in poor rural areas,and few studies analyze the influence of family parenting environment on early childhood development based on different types of rural areas.With the development of economy,some rural population moved from poor rural areas to resettlement communities,land-losing communities and migrant communities.It is urgent to study the status of early childhood development delays,the status of family parenting environment and the influence of family parenting environment on early childhood development in these areas.The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of family parenting environment on early childhood development in four different types of rural communities.In order to achieve the objective,this study use the data of 2184 samples collected by Center for Experimental Economics in Education of Shaanxi Normal University in poor rural areas,resettlement communities,land-losing communities,and migrant communities.The Bayley child development scale version ?(BSID-?)was used to measure early child development,including cognitive,language,social-emotion and motor development,and the family care indicators scale(FCIs)was used to collect the family parenting environment,and personal and family characteristics of infants and young children were also collected.This paper first describes the total sample and four kinds of different types of rural communities of early childhood development delays and the status of family parenting environment,then analyzes the influence of family parenting environment on early childhood development and conducts endogenous analysis,and finally carries out robust test and heterogeneity analysis.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)Rural infants have the risk of early childhood development delays.In different types of rural communities,there is a high risk of early childhood development delays,and there is no significant difference between resettlement communities and poor rural areas.Land-losing communities and migrant communities are significantly better than poor rural areas;(2)The quality of Family parenting environment is not high.The comparison of four different types of rural communities shows that there is no significant difference between resettlement communities and poor rural areas.Land-losing communities and migrant communities are significantly better than poor rural areas;(3)The different dimension of family parenting environment has different influence on early childhood development.The diversity of toys sources has no significant impact on cognitive,language,socialemotional and motor development,and the diversity of toy varieties and parent-child interaction activities have significant positive effects on cognitive,language,socialemotional and motor development;(4)There are some differences in the influence of family parenting environment on early childhood development in different sample groups.In terms of different types of rural communities,the positive impact of family parenting environment on early childhood development of land-losing communities is significantly greater than that of poor rural areas,and the parenting environment has a significant influence on early childhood development of infants whose mothers were main caregivers,compared with those whose grandmothers were main caregivers.Based on the above results,this paper puts forward three policy suggestions:(1)In order to improve the quality of family parenting environment,rural families should provide more kinds of different toys for infants and toys which are suitable for the development of infants and young children,and improve the frequency of parent-child interactive activities;(2)The government should pay attention to infants in different types of rural communities.Compared with urban areas,there is a high risk of early childhood development delays in di fferent types of rural communities,so more preferential policies are needed to improve the status of rural infants.(3)When implementing early childhood development intervention programs,more attention should be paid to the varieties of toys and parent-child interactive activities.