An Interactive Research On Primary School Mathematics Classroom Based On High-quality Video Analysis

In the "Opinions on Comprehensively Deepening the Curriculum Reform and Implementing the Fundamental Tasks of Moral Education",China proposed to develop the core literacy of students,cultivate the necessary characters and key abilities necessary for students’ own development and promote social development,and opened a deeper level of basic education Course reform.Some regions,schools,and teachers have achieved little success through continuous exploration and practice,while some regions,schools,and teachers have stayed on the surface cognition of core literacy and have not really improved in the classroom.For primary school mathematics teaching,the scope of mathematics knowledge has not changed much.What really makes a difference in teaching results is the teacher’s handling of all aspects of the classroom,and classroom interaction is an important part of it.In this article,Wu Defang’s classification of interactive behavior in classroom teaching is slightly improved.Classroom interaction is divided into four parts:teacher-student questioning,group discussion,mathematical games,and emotional communication.Its research method is a combination of survey and video analysis,qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis.This research investigates the current situation of classroom interaction in daily mathematics teaching in primary schools from three aspects:Questionnaire survey of 100 primary school mathematics teachers to know their understanding and emphasis on exemplary lessons and classroom interaction;Interview survey of 12 elementary school students in 6 grades to know students’ views on math classes,math teachers,and the interaction of mathematics classes;A one-month classroom observation in a primary school in Xi’an to know the real classroom interaction in daily teaching,find out the existing problems,and raise questions for the follow-up video research of exemplary lessons.After learning about the current situation of classroom interaction in elementary school daily mathematics teaching,the author screened out research objects from the recorded works of "the 2nd Primary School Math Thinking Development and Literacy Life" Summit Forum held in Hangzhou in April 2019.Another name of this summit forum is" Thousands of Lessons and Tens of Thousands of People".Nine lessons are used as exemplary lessons for video research.These 9 exemplary lessons cover all grades of elementary school,and also cover the topics of number and algebra,graphics and geometry,statistics and probability in the knowledge system of mathematics,ensuring the comprehensiveness of the research object.After that,the author went through three stages of translating exemplary lesson videos into detailed textual records,establishing a coding system and using software coding,performing quantitative statistical analysis and qualitative analysis on codes,and summarizing the main characteristics of classroom interaction in exemplary math lesson videos in primary schools:Teacher-student questioning is mainly teacher-class questioning,and teacherindividual student questioning is interspersed.Teachers guide students to initiate questions.Questions are mainly comprehension questions and classroom management questions.Teachers carefully design a small number of creative questions.Teachers adopt mixed answering methods.Common answering methods include confirmation,repeating answers and guidance.Group discussion questions are mainly open questions,and teachers strictly monitor the discussion process.Mathematics games take a long time.Usually,a whole lesson is used to develop a mathematical game with multiple phases on the same topic.Teachers value the use of affirmative expressions to convey emotions to students.Different teachers have different expression habits.Non-verbal emotional communication is very helpful for smooth teaching.By comparing the classroom interaction of elementary mathematics between daily teaching and exemplary lessons,it puts forward practical suggestions that can be used in daily teaching for teachers’reference and learning.The recommendations are made from four aspects,namely:In terms of questioning by teachers and students,subjects of questioning should be diversified,the question setting should be rationalized,and teachers’ answering should be integrated.In terms of group discussion,discussion design should be ingenious,the teacher monitoring should be detailed,and student participation should be subjective.In terms of math games,game design should be globalized and games can be competitive.In terms of emotional communication,verbal expression should be positive,facial expressions as well as limbs should be enriched.