| In recent years,Artificial Intelligence(AI)has been widely used in all aspects of production and life,and has a profound impact on global economic development.The rapid development of artificial intelligence has not only changed the production process and mode,but also caused profound changes in the labor market,especially employment reduction.Whether the development of AI will increase the employment or not,this problem attracted extensive attention of all levels of society,including governments,enterprises and academia.This problem covers economy,politics,technology and other dimensions.In the perspective of political economy,artificial intelligence,like other traditional technological progress,is still essentially the tool,which can transform production mode.Marxist Labor Value Theory has a strong explanatory power,which is the transcendence and development of Classical Economics Labor Value Theory.Therefore,under the guidance of Marxist political economy theory,this paper systematically analyzes the impact of the development of AI on the labor market,and provides methods and paths to solve the problems.Starting from the definition of AI,this paper first analyzes its development status and the employment status in China's labor market,reviews the impact of technological progress on the labor market in the three industrial revolutions,and analyzes the commonness and future possibility of artificial intelligence and other technological progress.Secondly,based on four aspects—production organization form,labor division,income distribution and reemployment,this paper builds the mechanism framework of the substitution effect and compensation effect in different levels and stages.Moreover,it explores the total effect of the dual effect from short-term and long-term respectively and concludes that the development of AI has multiple effects on the total employment and employment structure.Furthermore,this paper selects the data of manufacturing industry from 2000 to 2017,which is currently the most affected by AI technology.In this empirical analysis,it measures the impact of AI on the total number and the structure of employment,and verify above results.Based on the study above,this paper draws the following conclusions: First,the dual effect of artificial intelligence development on labor market exists simultaneously,and the total effect depends on two reverse effects.On the one hand,AI upgrading in production process replaces some traditional labor access,which has greatly improved labor productivity and reduced the amount of labor required.This result lead to in the decline of labor demand in this sector.On the other hand,AI can derive many new employment fields,thus creating new labor demand.Second,the impact of AI on enterprises depends on the comparison between labor efficiency and AI's.The impact on the labor market shows different characteristics in different periods: the substitution effect is more obvious in the short-term total effect;the long-term total effect mainly depends on the total social wealth created after the transformation of AI.However,the trend of compensation effect is rising.Third,the development of artificial intelligence will change labor market structure,which will have a greater impact on non-innovative labor,but no impact on creative labor.Fourth,the development of artificial intelligence will greatly improve the level of social intelligence,optimize the industrial structure,improve the quality of employment,and promote the all-round and free development of people.In conclusion,this paper puts forward four policy suggestions for the future development of China's labor market,including improving the social security system,helping low-skilled people,training innovative talents and promoting industrial transformation.This paper provides a theoretical basis for the optimization and upgrading of China's labor market to adapt to the development of AI.Meanwhile,it also provides a reference to formulate the future employment policy for China. |
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