| In recent years,China’s population aging continues to deepen,"demographic dividend" disappears,and the cost of economic development rises.As the main driving force of the fourth technological revolution,artificial intelligence has become the new engine of current economic growth,and also has a significant impact on the employment structure.So,how to realize the complementary development of artificial intelligence and full employment of labor force is worth exploring.This paper is to study the impact of artificial intelligence on the structure of employment skills in the context of population aging.First of all,from the theoretical analysis,since artificial intelligence can replace the medium skilled workers to perform conventional cognitive and physical tasks,but at this stage cannot perform highly interactive nonconventional cognitive and physical tasks,and low skilled workers and high skilled workers are complementary,in addition,artificial intelligence promotes a series of jobs matching with higher skilled workers,the employment skill structure shows a polarization trend that the employment demand of low and high skilled workers increases while the employment demand of medium skilled workers decreases.Considering the background of aging population,the rise of human cost promotes enterprises to change the proportion of factor investment and expand the scale of scientific research investment,and also promotes people to increase human capital investment,ultimately promoting the development and upgrading of artificial intelligence,then strengthening its impact on the structure of employment skills.In order to verify the above views,this paper constructs a panel regression model to empirically study the influence of artificial intelligence on the employment skill structure,and then discusses the role of population aging in the influence of artificial intelligence on the employment demand of different skilled workers.This paper uses the fixed effect model for empirical analysis and finds that: first,at present,China’s artificial intelligence makes the employment skill structure present the employment polarization trend,and from the regional point of view,the eastern and central regions with higher artificial intelligence development level have stronger substitution effect on the middle skilled workers than the western region;from the perspective of time division,the substitution effect of artificial intelligence on the employment of medium skilled workers becomes stronger and stronger,while the promotion effect of artificial intelligence on higher skilled workers is gradually weakened;from the perspective of industry,the role of artificial intelligence in the employment of middle skilled workers is the most prominent.Secondly,the provinces with a deeper aging population will use more intelligent devices,and the aging population will strengthen the employment substitution effect of artificial intelligence for medium skilled workers,and weaken the employment promotion effect of low and high skilled workers.Therefore,this paper proposes that we should pay attention to the role of workers,strengthen skills training and improve the employment service system to cope with the challenge of large-scale replacement of medium skilled workers by intelligent capital under the background of population aging,and optimize higher education to make full use of the employment absorptive capacity of artificial intelligence,and finally promote the good situation of the parallel development of artificial intelligence and full employment. |
