| Alcohols,aldehydes and carboxylic acids belong to the category of oxygen-containing derivatives of hydrocarbons in high school organic chemistry,which is a further study of oxygen-containing functional groups on the basis of hydrocarbons.In the study of hydrocarbon derivatives,this part of the content accounts for the largest proportion in the senior high school stage,whether it is the score proportion or the investigation content is the most important.High school students are prone to learning differentiation when learning this content.It is helpful for teachers to explore appropriate teaching strategies and improve the quality of organic chemistry teaching.This study selected 130 students from two parallel science classes in F Middle School in Shimen County,Hunan Province as the survey subjects.The study was divided into three stages:1.Through questionnaire surveys and interviews,understand the reasons for the difficulties of high school students in learning organic chemistry "alcohols,aldehydes,carboxylic acids",mainly as follows:(1)There are defects in the cognitive structure of students' organic chemistry:students lack a complete understanding of what they have learned,fail to understand the essence of the concept of organic matter,and cannot connect new and old knowledge and structure them,and cannot construct the structure and structure of the core functional groups of organic chemistry.The relationship between the properties does not form the idea of category transformation,and it is difficult to flexibly apply knowledge to solve problems in new situations.(2)The knowledge of organic chemistry is difficult:the variety of organic compounds,complex organic reaction conditions,and many side reactions,coupled with the students' lack of solid learning foundation in the compulsory module of organic chemistry,have caused students' fear of difficulties.(3)The students' ability of triple representation in organic chemistry is poor:teachers do not pay attention to experimental teaching in organic chemistry teaching,resulting in students lacking macro-representation of organic reactions,memorizing equations by rote,unable to explain and predict properties from the structure of organic compounds,and triple representation Poor ability makes knowledge "rigid" and difficult to extract and use quickly.2.Aiming at the reasons for the difficulties in the learning of "alcohols,aldehydes,and carboxylic acids" in organic chemistry,the author proposes corresponding teaching strategies,mainly as follows:(1)Emphasize the teaching of concepts,functional groups,and chemical reactions,and promote the independent construction of knowledge network diagrams of"alcohols,aldehydes,and carboxylic acids":to realize conceptual content,intuitive chemical reaction teaching,and diversified experimental teaching,so that students can learn more Have a good understanding of "alcohols,aldehydes,carboxylic acids"knowledge,deepen the memory and experience of chemical reaction formulas,conceptual connotations,and experimental phenomena,so as to avoid knowledge rigidity.(2)Applying teaching methods such as models,experiments,and multimedia to strengthen the ability of the threefold representation of macro-micro-symbols:Teaching methods and tools such as chemical experiments and models should be used to strengthen students' understanding of conceptual knowledge,and to formulate independent,inquisitive,Cooperative learning strategy highlights students' main learning status,enables students to actively and actively participate in knowledge acquisition and experimental exploration,and improves students' learning effects of "alcohol,aldehyde,and carboxylic acid".(3)Create production and life situations to stimulate intrinsic motivation and enhance self-efficacy:By creating real and effective life situations,students are encouraged to understand the occurrence and development of "alcohol,aldehyde,and carboxylic acid" knowledge in life,and improve the motivation of students to learn knowledge.Due to restrictions on safety,time,courses,and location,it is difficult for students to enter the factory to visit the production process of organic chemicals in actual teaching.Teachers can use the surrounding environment,life experience,etc.,combine the teaching content,and fully understand the students' academic conditions.With the help of textbooks,media,and life phenomena,students are encouraged to process and process information,ask questions,and solve problems.Through the exercise of these abilities,students are encouraged to learn about "alcohols,aldehydes,and carboxylic acids".3.Through action research,conduct the same set of questionnaire.surveys on two science classes of the same level of this and the next,compare and analyze the differences in the performance of the two students,and obtain proof of the effectiveness of the teaching strategy. |
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