| ObjectiveThrough the investigation on the current situation of occupational stress,occupational strain and occupational health of primary and middle school teachers in Huining County,Baiyin City,Gansu Province,this study explores the relevant influencing factors of occupational stress and occupational strain.To understand the occupational health of primary and secondary school teachers,and to study the relationship among occupational stress,occupational strain and occupational health of primary and middle school teachers,so as to provide a scientific basis for the education department to formulate relevant occupational health management policies,improve teachers'humanistic care,and promote the physical and mental health of teachers.MethodsTaking Huining County,Baiyin City,Gansu Province as the investigation site,997 primary and secondary school teachers were selected by stratified cluster sampling method.Questionnaires were distributed on the spot,including general demographic information questionnaire,physical health self-rating scale,primary and secondary school teachers'work stress questionnaire and the Effort-Reward Imbalance scale.A total of 997 questionnaires were distributed and 821 were valid,with an effective recovery rate of 82.35%.Based on SPSS26.0 software,the Student's t test,one-way analysis of variance or chi-square test were used to analyze the occupational stress and occupational strain of primary and middle school teachers with different individual characteristics.The method of multiple linear stepwise regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of occupational stress and occupational strain of primary and middle school teachers.Mplus8.3software was used to establish a structural equation model to analyze and verify the relationship among occupational stress,occupational strain and occupational health,and Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effect of occupational strain.Results(1)In this survey,50.55%of the teachers selected"stress"and 15.96%of the teachers selected"great stress",while the number of"no stress"was the least,accounting for only 0.36%of the total number of teachers surveyed.The problem of occupational stress of primary and secondary school teachers in Huining County can not be ignored.Primary and secondary school teachers with different individual characteristics have different responses to occupational stress.With marital status as an independent variable,there were significant differences among primary and middle school teachers in teaching and education reform,students,school management,work characteristics,physical and mental characteristics,family and social stressors(P<0.01).With household registration as an independent variable,there were differences among primary and middle school teachers in teaching and education reform,students,job characteristics,career development,physical and mental characteristics,family and social stressors(P<0.05).With academic qualifications as an independent variable,there were differences in the dimensions of career development and social stressors among primary and middle school teachers(P<0.05).There were significant differences in teaching and education reform,students,school management,work characteristics,physical and mental characteristics and family stressors(P<0.01).With professional titles as an independent variable,there were significant differences in the dimensions of social stressors among primary and middle school teachers(P<0.05).There were significant differences in teaching and education reform,students,school management,work characteristics,physical and mental characteristics and family stressor dimensions(P<0.01).With monthly income as an independent variable,there were differences in the dimension of stressor of professional development among primary and middle school teachers(P<0.05).Taking positions as an independent variable,there were differences in teaching and education reform,job characteristics,career development,physical and mental characteristics and social stressors of primary and secondary school teachers(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the dimensions of students and school management stressors(P<0.01).With weekly teaching hours as an independent variable,there were differences in the dimensions of education and teaching reform and family stressors among primary and middle school teachers(P<0.05).There were significant differences in students,school management,job characteristics,career development,physical and mental characteristics and social stressors(P<0.01).With teaching years as an independent variable,there were significant differences in the dimensions of professional development and family stressors among primary and middle school teachers(P<0.05).There were significant differences in teaching and education reform,students,school management,work characteristics,physical and mental characteristics and social stressors(P<0.01).(2)Among the 821 respondents,505 teachers had occupational strain,and the detection rate of occupational strain was 61.51%.The detection rates of occupational strain among primary and middle school teachers with different demographic characteristics were compared.The results showed that there was significant difference in the detection rate of occupational strain among different monthly income groups(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the detection rate of occupational strain among the groups for sex,age,household registration,educational background,marital status,professional title,position,teaching grade,head teacher,teaching age and weekly teaching hours(P>0.05).The primary and secondary school teachers with different demographic characteristics were compared with the differences in the dimensions of pay,return and internal input in the ERI scale.The results showed that there were significant differences in the scores of pay,return and internal input among different household registration(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the scores of different genders and academic qualifications in the input dimension(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the scores of age,marital status,professional title,monthly income and teaching seniority in the dimensions of return and internal input(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the scores of pay dimension among different teaching grades and whether or not to be a head teacher(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in the scores of position and weekly teaching hours in the dimensions of pay,return and internal input(P>0.05).(3)By using the method of self-reporting health status,67 kinds of common diseases related to the teaching profession in eight systems were sorted.The top ten diseases reported by primary and middle school teachers in Huining county were pharyngitis,gastroenteritis,neurasthenia,scapulohumeral periarthritis,intervertebral disc herniation,migraine,rhinitis,arthritis,influenza and rheumatoid arthritis.(4)Take age,sex,household registration,educational background,marital status,professional title,monthly income,teaching age,weekly teaching hours,position,teaching grade,whether or not as a head teacher as independent variables,occupational stress as a dependent variable.The stepwise method was used to fit the multiple linear regression equation.The results showed that marital status,teaching age and teaching hours per week were the influencing factors of teachers'professional stress.Take age,sex,household registration,educational background,marital status,professional title,monthly income,teaching age,weekly teaching hours,position,teaching grade,whether or not as a head teacher as independent variables,and occupational strain as a dependent variable.The stepwise method was used to fit the multiple linear regression equation.The results showed that gender,marital status,household registration and whether or not to be a head teacher were the influencing factors of teachers'occupational strain.(5)The structural equation model is constructed by using Mplus8.3,and the fitting index is?~2=446.882,df=52,RMSEA=0.096,SRMR=0.051,CFI=0.927,TLI=0.908.All the indexes are in line with the range of standard values,and the structural equation model fits well.The path coefficient of teachers'occupational stress on occupational health is 0.216,and that of occupational strain on occupational health is 0.152.The positive effect of occupational stress and occupational strain on occupational health is significant.Using Bootstrap method,taking occupational stress as independent variable,occupational strain as intermediary variable and occupational health as dependent variable,it is concluded that occupational strain plays an intermediary role between occupational stress and occupational health.Conclusion(1)The overall pressure of primary and secondary school teachers in Huining County is greater,which mainly comes from society,students,school management and families.Measures to alleviate teachers'professional pressure should be made according to the demographic characteristics of different teachers.(2)More than half of the teachers have occupational strain.Through the comparison of different demographic characteristics,the results show that there are differences in the detection rate of occupational strain among different monthly income groups.The lower the monthly income,the higher the detection rate of occupational strain,so we should pay more attention to the salary of teachers.(3)The diseases with a self-reported prevalence rate of more than 20%among primary and secondary school teachers in Huining county are mainly concentrated in the respiratory system,digestive system,nervous system and motor system.We should give full play to the role of the government,society,schools and teachers,and do their best to prevent and alleviate teachers'occupational diseases.(4)Marital status,teaching age and teaching hours are the main factors affecting the professional stress of primary and middle school teachers in Huining County.Gender,marital status,household registration and whether or not to be a head teacher are the main factors affecting the occupational strain of primary and secondary school teachers in Huining County.(5)Occupational stress and occupational strain have a significant positive impact on occupational health,and occupational strain plays an intermediary role between occupational stress and occupational health. |
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