A Study On The Non-teaching Working Hours Of Teachers In Japanese Compulsory Education Schools

According to the results of the TALIS 2018 survey,among all participating countries,the working hours of Japanese compulsory education school teachers are the longest,especially non-teaching work.This study attempts to reveal the reasons for the long working hours of teachers in compulsory education schools in Japan through literature research on relevant laws and policies of teachers in compulsory education schools in Japan,data analysis and research of large-scale surveys at home and abroad in Japan,case studies A case study of teachers' working hours in Japan and international comparative research.This paper analyzes and discusses the effectiveness of various measures taken by Japanese education administrative departments to reduce teachers' non-teaching working hours in compulsory education schools,so as to provide reference for the rationalization of teachers' work burden in compulsory education schools in China.Since the establishment of modern education system,the duty of teachers in compulsory education schools in Japan is not only to "teach" but also to "educate";they have to not only impart subject knowledge and ability,but also cultivate "citizens" through various educational activities.From the perspective of historical changes,various educational activities in Japanese compulsory education schools are gradually institutionalized and legalized according to the goal of "educating".These educational activities are also the main reason why Japanese compulsory education teachers work long hours.Educational activities other than subject teaching are an important feature of compulsory education in Japan,but the negative impact of teachers' long working hours can not be ignored.The Japanese education administrative department has taken some measures to try to improve this phenomenon,but the effect is not obvious.The goal of "teaching and educating people" in compulsory education in Japan determines that various school activities must be an important part of school education,which also determines that teachers must bear the corresponding workload.However,due to the limitation of the total amount of education funds,it is difficult for Japan to increase the quota of teachers and other staff in compulsory education schools.Therefore,the improvement measures can only stay in local minor repair and minor supplement,which is difficult to fundamentally solve the substantive problems.As for the socialization of some school activities,it needs more time to realize it gradually.The Japanese case makes us think: if the responsibility of teachers in compulsory education schools is to "teach" and "educate",then the education administrative department must consider the needs of "teaching" and "educating" at the same time when allocating the quota of teachers,especially under the background of "double reduction policy" of effectively reducing the excessive homework burden and after-school training burden of students in the stage of compulsory education.At the same time,emphasizing "educating people" does not mean that the more educational activities in compulsory education schools,the better.How to make school activities accurate and effective,not only can fully achieve the educational objectives,but also do not excessively increase the workload and working hours of teachers is what every school should seriously explore.In addition,how society and families participate in the "education" activities of schools and partially reduce the burden on teachers should also be explored.