Comparative Research On The Structure Of Physics Teaching Material Based On ISM Method

With the continuous development of China's basic education reform,the Ministry of Education has put forward different educational requirements in different periods.At each key node of the reform,in response to the call of the times,various disciplines revise the syllabus or curriculum standards to make them conform to the society's requirements for talents,followed by the revision of educational materials—textbooks.In the context of the revision of the physics curriculum standards,various versions of physics textbooks which has changed in terms of content and basic framework,have also been revised in time and gradually put into use in 2019.Since the reform and opening up,physics textbooks have undergone a transition from "one outline,one textbook" to "one outline for multiple textbooks".Five versions of physics textbooks have greatly promoted the development of physics education in China.In order to use and compile textbooks better,Researches on textbooks are also endless,and the results of textbook research are rich and colorful.However,there are also problems such as few research perspectives,single methods,subjective descriptions,and insufficient objective evidence.The field of textbook research needs to be further explored.Based on the ISM method,this paper conducts longitudinal and horizontal comparative research on the structure of physics textbooks.Conducting longitudinal research on the textbooks,we can learn from history of textbooks,master the development characteristics of the textbooks,and tap the inherited advantages of the textbooks in order to do more in-depth research on the knowledge structure of the new textbooks;Conducting horizontal research,we can master the knowledge structure characteristics of different textbooks in the same period,learn from each other's strengths,and help teachers to make full use of textbooks.This article takes two units of "Kinematics" and "Static" as examples to carry out the research,including the following six parts.In the first part,by consulting a large number of documents,the background,significance and status of the comparative research on the structure of physics textbooks based on the ISM method are elaborated.And the research design of this article is determined,which includes research purposes,objects,content and methods.In the second part,combined with the literature,the key related concepts that need to be used in this article are defined,including teaching materials,teaching materials structure,system structure model,adjacency matrix and reachability matrix,and ISM method.In the third part,the analysis steps of using the ISM method to structure textbooks are interpreted in detail.The analysis steps of the ISM method include extracting key elements,determining the relationship between the elements,making a relationship diagram,constructing adjacency matrix,and performing Boolean operations on the adjacency matrix obtain the reachability matrix and construct the hierarchical directed structure diagram through the reachability matrix.In the fourth part,the "Kinematics" and "Static" of a physical textbook in1983(Species A),2003(the version of Shandong science and Technology Press)and 2019(the version of Shandong science and Technology Press)are analyzed by ISM method.The hierarchical structure chart of two units is made to show the structure of the same part of the teaching materials in three periods.Based on the hierarchical directed structure diagram,this article compares and analyzes the similarities and differences in the selection of key elements,the selection of starting/ending point elements,and the relationship between the two units of textbooks "Kinematics" and "Statics" in the three periods.Among them,the comparative analysis of key elements is combined an interview on the selection of key elements in the classroom of high school teachers.In the fifth part,ISM method is used to analyze "Kinematics" and "Statics" of physics textbooks in 2019(the version of People's Education Press,PEP edition),and the hierarchical directed structure diagram of the two units is made.According to the level directed structure chart of physics textbooks published by Shandong science and Technology Press and PEP edition in 2019,this paper analyzes the characteristics of the two editions of the textbooks in the selection of key elements,the selection of starting/ending key elements and the formation of relationship between the elements.In the sixth part,through the vertical and horizontal comparison of the teaching materials,we can find that with the evolution of the teaching materials,the selection of key elements of the teaching materials tends to reduce the quantity and improve the quality;while inheriting the basic elements of the starting point,we pay more attention to the practicality;and in the formation of the elements,we pay more attention to the conciseness of the relationship between knowledge formation and exploration experiments.In the same period,different versions of textbooks have their own characteristics in these three aspects.