Cohort Change In Gender Role Attitudes ——Analysis Based On HAPC Model

Gender equality is not only a basic national policy that China has long adhered to,but also an important goal of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.The gender role attitude represents the action strategy of people to treat gender relations,affects individual social behavior,and is an important indicator to reflect and reflect the status of gender equality.In the context of China's institutional transformation and modernization,it is not only helpful to understand the status and development trend of gender equality in China,but also helpful to deeply understand China's modernization process.In recent years,the changing trend of gender role attitudes has attracted academic attention,but most of them focus on the changing trend of time and ignore the difference of cohort.However,the change of concept is inevitably influenced by age,period and cohort,and the replacement of cohort is the core driving force of gender role attitudes towards equality.In addition,the changing trend of gender role attitudes in different dimensions may be different.Therefore,based on the data of the sixth Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS2010-2018),this study used the hierarchical age-time-cohort(HAPC)model to analyze the age,period and cohort effects of gender role changes,and focused on the cohort trends of gender role changes.Five dimensions(work place,natural ability,marriage concept,gender division of labor,work-child care)were subdivided to compare and analyze the difference of cohort change.The findings are as follows:1.With the replacement of the queue,people's gender role attitude develops toward the modern direction of gender equality in general,but the changes in the public realm of work and the private realm of family are not balanced.On the relative level,the gender role attitude shows that the young cohort is more supportive of equal and modern gender relationship than the old cohort,but the gender role attitudein the public workplace is more modernized than that in the private family.That is,people support the equal participation of men and women in the Labour market,but in the private sphere of the family,women are still considered to be the main ones responsible for housework and child-rearing.From the perspective of the change trend,the change of the queue in the public domain conforms to the presupposition of the queue replacement theory,and the young queue is more modern than the old queue.However,the change of the queue in the private domain once shows the trend of "returning to the tradition",and then develops towards the direction of modernization.This means that the "resurgence" of gender attitudes in previous literature is only applicable to some birth cohorts or specific indicators.With the improvement of education level and the modernization of society,the attitude of gender role tends to be equal in general.2.The gender role attitudes of each indicator of the changes in the cohort of male and female differences,female gender role attitude is more modern than male.In the oldest birth cohort(1921-1948),male and female scores were roughly the same across all dimensions,but in the youngest birth cohort(1992-2000),female scores were higher than male scores across all dimensions.Especially in the gender division of labor dimension.3.The widening of gender role attitudes in cohort changes is partly due to the fact that education plays a stronger role in promoting women's gender equality than men's.Except for the work-parenting dimension,women with the same level of education have more modern attitudes to gender roles than men.Education provides an opportunity for people to embrace egalitarianism and reject gender stereotypes.As women become more educated,they aware the benefits of gender equality,and their attitudes toward gender roles modernize faster than those of men.It can be seen that the attitudeof gender role in China is generally developing toward the modern direction of gender equality,but the changes in the public realm of work and the private realm of family are not balanced,and women are more supportive of equal gender relations than men.There is growing support for gender equality in the workplace and for women entering the workforce.But when it comes to private areas of the family,such as division of labor and child rearing,the change in gender roles is not optimistic or even stagnant.The reason is that,on the one hand,women are needed to make economic contributions to society and families,and women are encouraged and supported to enter the labor market.On the other hand,influenced by the traditional Confucian "patriarchy" culture,women's maternal identity is still valued in families,and women are considered to be the main undertaker of housework and child-rearing.This has led to uneven changes in the perception of gender roles in the public and private sectors.In addition,education provides individuals with the opportunity to accept equal gender relations and is an important driving force for the modernization of gender role attitudes.However,the promotion effect of education on female gender role attitude is stronger than that of male,because the improvement of education level not only makes women realize the dilemma they face under the "patriarchy" culture,but also changes the benefit structure of women,while men,as the vested interests of Confucian culture,benefit less from equal gender relations.As a result,women's notions of gender roles are modernizing faster than men's.Gender equality is an important dimension to measure social equality.This research use of detailed survey data to identify and distinguish between different dimensions of gender roles queue trends,a systematic comprehensive understanding status and changing trend,the attitude of gender role for understanding our country in recent decades of development and changes of relationships and provides a path,contributing to the international study on the relationship between the gender the Chinese story.