Optimal Design Of Scratch Programming Teaching Mode To Promote The Development Of Primary School Students' Computational Thinking

As an important ability of information society,computational thinking should be possessed by everyone to adapt to the rapidly changing information age.As a building block programming tool,scratch programming is in line with children's cognitive characteristics,interesting interface,simple operation and easy to understand.Therefore,it is widely used in primary school students' programming courses to cultivate computational thinking.However,only using scratch programming tool is easy for students to find the correct solution in constant trial and error,and it is easy to ignore the participation of thinking such as problem decomposition,pattern recognition and programming,which has certain limitations in promoting the development of computational thinking.In addition,the current scratch programming teaching mode mostly cultivates computational thinking as a whole,and lacks the targeted cultivation of its core elements from the thinking process.Therefore,combined with the thinking visualization tool,this study optimizes the scratch programming environment,and designs the programming learning activities of primary school students in stages and structurally according to the core elements of computational thinking.From the perspective of thinking process,computational thinking includes five core elements: decomposition thinking,abstract thinking,procedural thinking,iterative thinking and general evaluation.Aiming at these five core elements,this study analyzes the process of programming problem-solving and designs students' programming learning activities.Among them,for decomposition thinking,through creating situations and eliciting problems,bracket diagrams are used to support students' problem decomposition process,so as to stimulate students to conceive,think and decompose problems;For abstract thinking,brainstorming and mind mapping are used to support and guide students to analyze problems and pattern recognition;Aiming at the programmed thinking,the program flow chart is used to support students to clarify the programming steps and processes and make prototypes;For iterative thinking,in the scratch programming tool,students write,debug and optimize programs based on the above relevant analysis and design;In view of the general evaluation thinking,self-evaluation and mutual evaluation activities are adopted to guide students to summarize,reflect and evaluate.In order to verify the effectiveness of this teaching model,this study selects students in Grade 5 of primary school as the teaching object,carries out teaching practice,applies the scratch programming teaching model that promotes the development of primary school students' Computational Thinking to classroom teaching,and carries out process evaluation and summary evaluation through computational thinking scale and learning task list.The results show that the core elements of computational thinking have been significantly improved,and verify the effectiveness of applying thinking visualization tools in scratch programming course.In scratch programming,with the help of thinking visualization tools,cultivate students' decomposition thinking,abstract thinking and programmed thinking,and develop the core elements of computational thinking.It is expected to provide some guidance and help for cultivating primary school students' computational thinking.