Study On Fire Risk Assessment Of Ancient Building Tourism Resources Under Climate Change

Ancient buildings have a long history and contain different architectural styles from various historical periods,with high historical,cultural,artistic,scientific,spiritual and tourism values,and are important tourism resources.In China,ancient building tourism resources are rich and varied,ancient building tourism has great potential for development as well as broad prospects for development.But most ancient buildings in China are wooden structures or brick and wood mixed structures,flammable building materials make ancient buildings have "inherent deficiencies" characteristics.At the same time,with the continued rise of cultural tourism in ancient buildings,many ancient buildings have been developed as tourist attractions,unreasonable tourism development and unsafe tourist behaviour has exacerbated the situation of "acquired disorders" in ancient buildings.In addition,under the background of climate change,high temperature,drought,lightning strike and other factors also affect the fire safety of ancient buildings,making ancient building tourism resources more fire hazards,fire hazards are also increasing,threatening the ancient buildings fire safety and tourist safety,not conducive to the sustainable development of ancient building tourism.Therefore,this study selects the ancient building of Zhongwei High Temple in Ningxia as a case to research the fire risk of ancient building tourism resources.The research content and results mainly include the following four aspects:(1)Under the study of relevant basic theories at home and abroad,the necessity and importance of studying the fire risk evaluation of ancient building tourism resources was clarified,and the research content and research methods were determined.At the same time,collect data related to ancient building fires in China from 2000-2021,analyse the causes of ancient building tourism resources fires in China over the past 22 years as well as the development trend,classify the causes of ancient building tourism resources fires into four categories:natural factors,human factors,electrical factors and other factors,and understand the fire hazards and fire characteristics of ancient building tourism resources through the analysis of China’s ancient buildings fire safety situation,clear China’s ancient buildings fire hazards,fire risk,fire situation is serious.(2)Based on the fire safety situation of ancient building tourism resources in China,referring to national and local regulations and standards on fire safety of ancient buildings,combining the influence of climate and tourism factors on fire safety of ancient buildings,and listening to the opinions of experts,the construction of including the risk of disaster-causing factors,vulnerability of the environment,vulnerability of the disaster-bearing body,regional disaster resistance ability,especially adding meteorological factors into the vulnerability of disaster-pregnant environment as an important index of fire risk assessment of ancient building tourism resources,a fire risk assessment index system of ancient building tourism resources was established,including 4 first-level indicators and 16 second-level indicators..(3)After comparing several fire risk assessment methods,such as safety check list method,accident tree method,fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and matter-element extension method,the matter-element extension method is finally selected as the ancient building fire risk assessment method,and the matter-element extension model is constructed to evaluate the fire risk of Zhongwei High Temple.The result of matter-element extension evaluation shows that:Under the background of climate change,the overall fire risk level of Zhongwei High Temple tourism resources is level Ⅲ,which is in the state of "medium risk".In the next level of indicators,the fire risk level of the lower disaster-causing factors is level Ⅴ to level Ⅳ,the fire risk level of the vulnerability of the environment is level Ⅲ,the fire risk level of the vulnerability of the disaster-bearing body is level III,and the fire risk level regional disaster resistance ability is level Ⅰ to level Ⅱ.(4)According to the idea of "preventive protection",in view of the existing fire hazard problems in the ancient building tourism resources under the influence of climate change in the future,constructive fire prevention and control opinions are put forward from four aspects of ancient building management,personnel management,tourism management and fire safety.In the face of the severe situation of fire in ancient buildings under the influence of climate change,we should focus on strengthening the monitoring of meteorological factors in fire prevention and control work,so as to prevent the occurrence of ancient buildings fire accidents from the root,protect the safety of tourists’ life and property and the safety of scenic spots tourism resources and tourism facilities,and promote the sustainable development of ancient buildings tourism.