| Hainan’s tropical rainforest is one of the largest,best preserved and most concentrated primary tropical rainforests in China,accounting for nearly one-third of the country’s total tropical rainforest area.Notably,it is characterized by a unique "continental island-type" ecosystem,making it of great national significance and worthy of global attention for conservation.The tropical rainforest is the source of Hainan’s two rivers and other major water systems,is an important source of drinking water for local residents and agricultural irrigation water,known as "Hainan’s water tower".In addition,the region’s tropical rainforest and other forest vegetation also plays an important ecosystem service function.The study of the characteristics of human activities in Hainan Rainforest National Park and their impact on the region is important to alleviate the conflict between tropical rainforest conservation and human development.This study takes this national park as the study area,and by collecting relevant data for five periods from 2000 to 2020,and using software technologies such as Arc GIS and Geo Da,as well as human footprint model,value equivalent method,and spatial statistical analysis,we analyzed the dynamic change characteristics of human footprint and ecosystem service values(ESV)in the region.The dynamic changes of human footprint and ESV in the region were analyzed,and the intrinsic factors of the changes were revealed.On this basis,the study analyzed the impact of human footprint on ESV and came to the following conclusions.(1)From 2000 to 2020,the overall human footprint in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park showed a decreasing trend.Within this 20-year time period,the human footprint declined most significantly between 2000 and 2005;between 2005 and 2010,the pressure of human activities increased in some marginal areas until 2015;between 2010 and 2015,the range of areas with low human footprint values narrowed;and by 2020,the overall human footprint trend in the whole region showed a decreasing trend.In terms of spatial distribution,the areas with high HF values are mainly concentrated in the eastern Wuzhishan and Hangluo Mountains and the fringe areas of the park,while the areas with low values are mostly distributed in the western Jianfengling,central Bawangling and Parakeetling areas of the park.In terms of different control zones,the overall value of human footprint in the core protection zone is lower than that in the general protection zone,and the area below the average value of human footprint is much more than that in the general control zone.(2)During the period 2000-2020,the total ecosystem service value of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park increased by 2.594 billion yuan,of which the ESV of waters increased by 2.321 billion yuan,accounting for 49.38% of the total increase,forest land increased by2.379 billion yuan,accounting for 50.62% of the total increase,while the total ESV of grassland decreased by 2.050 billion yuan,accounting for a total decrease of 63.16%,and cropland decreased by 59 million yuan,accounting for 36.84% of the total decrease.Regulating services occupied 60% of the total ESV in the study area,with climate regulation and hydrological regulation dominating,accounting for more than 70% of the total value of regulating services,hydrological regulation increased by 696 million yuan,accounting for 74.36% of the cumulative increase in total ESV,and the total ESV in both core protection areas and general control areas showed an increase,with the increase in ESV in both sub-regions mainly coming from waters,while the ESV The decrease mainly comes from cropland,and the magnitude of hydrologically regulated ESV change is the main factor leading to the change of ESV in the two functional divisions.the larger ESV gain within the scope of watershed in the spatial distribution of ESCI is mainly due to the construction and use of reservoirs,which transform the surrounding grassland and cropland with lower ESV into watershed with higher ESV.(3)The human footprint on the value of ecosystem services showed a positive correlation from 2000 to 2005 and became a negative correlation from 2005 to 2020.-The overall decreasing trend in the area of high aggregation type areas and the overall increasing trend in the area of high-low aggregation type areas are inseparable from the local positive human activities,especially the series of ecological protection activities carried out by the government and the comprehensive ecological restoration projects prioritized according to the degree of ecosystem degradation.In view of the changes of human footprint and ecosystem service value environment in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park from 2000 to 2020 and the law of human footprint on ecosystem service value,the countermeasures and suggestions to protect the rainforest ecosystem and coordinate the balance of human activities in the region are proposed as follows:continue ecological migration and implement ecological compensation;strengthen the legal system and improve the legal system;establish Ecological corridor to reduce ecological impact;enhance social service functions,strengthen public awareness of conservation,coordinate the harmony between human and nature,and promote common construction,governance and sharing. |
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