| Since the reform and opening up,with the rapid development of China ’s economy and society and the acceleration of urbanization,the city has achieved rapid development.However,in this process,the rural areas corresponding to the urban areas have been impacted unprecedentedly,and the rural decline characterized by population shrinkage has gradually become a common phenomenon.At present,most of the research on rural shrinkage stays at the macro scale of the whole country,a region,a city or the micro scale of a rural case.There are few comprehensive studies on the combination of three scales from county to township to village,especially the lack of research on the differentiated development strategies of rural areas with different degrees of shrinkage.Based on this,this paper applies the shrewd shrinkage theory to the spatial optimization of shrinking villages,analyzes the evolution characteristics of rural shrinkage at the three scales of county,township and village,and explores the internal relationship between shrewd shrinkage theory and rural development.The Zarut Banner area in Inner Mongolia is a typical representative of the agro-pastoral ecotone in China.Under the background of rural revitalization and urban-rural development in the new era,the active shrinkage trend under the guidance of policies and the substantial reduction of rural population are in urgent need of scientific theoretical guidance for their future development.Therefore,it is of practical significance to study the optimal development of rural space in Zarut Banner from the perspective of smart shrinkage.In this paper,the county of Zhalute Banner is taken as the research area of macro scale,the towns and villages under its jurisdiction are taken as the research area of meso scale,and20 villages such as Moral Village are taken as the research object of micro scale.Through the research method of combining Arcgis spatial analysis technology with human settlement space change model and land transfer matrix model,the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of rural population scale and human settlement space change characteristics under the background of new urbanization are explored,town and village.On this basis,the influencing factors of rural shrinkage are summarized and analyzed,and the theory of shrewd shrinkage is coupled with the development needs of rural areas in Zhalute Banner.This paper puts forward optimization strategies and development models for different types of shrinking villages.The research results have important reference value for improving the rural living environment,optimizing the spatial layout of villages,coping with the comprehensive decline of villages,and promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows :(1)Overall,the size of the rural population in the county of Zarut Banner has declined,and the population density has experienced a process of declining first and then rising slightly.From 2015 to 2017,the population density of most townships in Zarut Banner showed a downward trend.From 2018 to 2020,the rural population density in most areas of Zarut Banner showed a slight recovery.From the perspective of spatial change,the areas with higher rural population density in Zhalute Banner in the past six years are mainly distributed in the central part,while the population density in the northwest and southeast is relatively low.The spatial and temporal changes of rural population concentration in Zhalute Banner are consistent with population density : the low value areas of population concentration are mainly distributed in the northwest and southeast,and the high value areas of population concentration are mainly distributed in the vicinity of Lubei Town in the middle.With the passage of time,the middle and higher value areas of rural population concentration in Zhalute Banner show the evolution trend of expanding from Lubei Town to the northwest and west.(2)From 2010 to 2020,the type of human settlements space change at the county scale in Zarut Banner is diluted.The main characteristics are the decrease of people and the increase of land,the low efficiency of land use,the significant trend of non-agricultural expansion of rural settlements,and the trend of multi-directional expansion in space.There are some differences between the changes of human settlements space at the township scale and the county scale,and the differentiation characteristics are obvious.The changes of human settlements space have five states of expansion,spread,dilution,contraction and contraction,and mainly spread and expansion,and the expansion of human settlements space is extensive.From the perspective of land transfer during this period,the amount of land transferred into most township residential areas is greater than the amount of land transferred out,indicating that the area of rural residential land in most townships in the region is increasing,and the outward expansion trend is obvious.The structural change of rural residential land is characterized by significant non-agriculturalization,which is consistent with the overall trend of rural residential land use in Zhalute County.(3)The phenomenon of shrinking and expanding in the village scale of Zarut Banner is significant.The change characteristics of human settlement activities in each village are characterized by the weakening of intensity and the obvious trend of contraction.The change of human settlement space in each village is characterized by both expansion and contraction,and the expansion is more significant.From the perspective of the elasticity coefficient of rural human settlements space change,the specific conditions of each village are quite different.The change of human settlements space has several states of contraction,atrophy,dilution,spread and contraction,and is mainly contraction and dilution.In addition,there are also some differences in the change state of village human settlements space under the jurisdiction of the same township,indicating that the consistency of the change state of human settlements space at the township scale and the village scale is not strong.The township level is dominated by spread and expansion,while the village level is dominated by contraction and dilution.Compared with the change at the township scale,the coordination of the change state of human settlements space at the village scale is worse.(4)The shrinking development of rural areas in Zhalute Banner is affected by internal factors such as location conditions,villagers ’ spontaneous behavior,and single industrial structure.It is also affected by external factors such as the promotion of urbanization,the driving of industrialization,and the regulation and control of government policies.Based on this,this paper proposes a smart development strategy from the three dimensions of ’strengthening industrial integration development and enhancing village development resilience ’,’ strengthening the dominant position of villagers and promoting planning implementation ’,’ strengthening land resource integration and improving land use efficiency’. |
