Spatio-temporal Variation Characteristics And Influencing Factors Of Ecosystem Services In Xinzhou

Ecosystem services is the products and services that human beings get directly or indirectly from the ecosystem,which is the basis of human existence and development.At the same time,it is a bridge between natural and social ecosystem.The combination of ecosystem services assessment and ecological protection policy has become a research hotspot of geography,ecology and economics.Xinzhou is located in the east end of the Loess Plateau,the territory of mountainous and hilly,there are soil erosion,land degradation and other ecological problems,which is a sensitive and fragile ecological environment area.Taking Xinzhou as an example to carry out simulation of temporal and spatial changes of ecosystem services and study on its evolution law has important theoretical and practical significance for the study of ecological protection and sustainable development of ecosystem services in the Loess Plateau.In this paper,Xinzhou was taken as the research object,and spatio-temporal simulation of four ecosystem services(carbon storage,water yield,habitat quality and soil conservation)was conducted with the help of In VEST 3.11.0 model.Based on the simulation results,two spatial statistical methods(cold-hot spot analysis and importance classification)were used to further reveal the spatio-temporal patterns of the four ecosystem services.Finally,the optimal parameters-based geographical detector was used to explore the dominant factors and dominant interaction factors affecting ecosystem services.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)The In VEST 3.11.0 model was used to simulate four ecosystem services of carbon storage,water yield,habitat quality and soil conservation in Xinzhou.The simulation results show that the four types of ecosystem services in Xinzhou show varying degrees of growth from 2000 to 2020.The carbon storage increased from 263.61×10~6t to271.19×10~6t,an increase of 8.18×10~6t;The water yield increased from 6.83×10~8m~3to11.24×10~8m~3,an increase of 4.41×10~8m~3;The soil conservation amount increased from3.56×10~8t to 7.04×10~8t,an increase of 3.48×10~8t;The habitat quality index increased from 0.655 to 0.663,an increase of 0.008.This is mainly due to the implementation of Grain for Green project,the natural forest protection project,the Taihang Mountain greening and other ecological construction works.(2)Based on the simulation results of ecosystem services,the spatial distribution characteristics of ecosystem services were further studied by using cold-hot spot analysis and importance classification.The results show that the spatial distribution of ecosystem services showed obvious spatial differentiation.The hot spots and places of high importance of ecosystem services were mainly distributed in the eastern and southwestern mountains of the study area,and the cold spots and general areas were concentrated in the northwest and central plains and hilly areas of the basin.(3)We analyzed the impacts of climate,topography,soil,and land use on the spatial differentiation of ecosystem services using the optimal parameters-based geographical detector.The results show that land use,climate and topography were the main factors affecting the spatial differentiation of ecosystem services,while population density and socio-economic had relatively little effect on the spatial differentiation of ecosystem services.(4)Based on the above studies,we proposed suggestions for the optimal management of ecosystem services.To enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of forest ecosystems in high-altitude mountainous areas and reduce the disturbance of forest ecosystems caused by human activities.Strengthen the utilization and protection of water resources,delimit water conservation reserves,and formulate protection systems at the source and along the river;To build a biodiversity protection system,and actively promote the construction of ecological corridors and restoration of important habitats;Construction halosols deserts of combining the shelter forest system,improving the ability of regional soil and water conservation.