The Evolution Of Experimental Methods In Physic

In ancient Greece,the speculative tradition,as the embryonic stage of thought experiment,occupied the mainstream of academia because of its noble status as the user,while the artisan tradition,as the origin of material experiment,was declining,and the two gradually separated.In the Middle Ages,the rise of scholasticism made the thought of religious theology cover the earth,material experiment was regarded as witchcraft,and science became the slave of theology.Scholars represented by Bacon criticized it,advocated material experiment,paid attention to the combination of experiment and theory,and set off a wave of experiments in the society.During the Renaissance,Galileo used the Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment and the inclined plane experiment to show the charm of material experiment to people.In the classical mechanics created by Newton,material experiment played a huge role.As a method for human to explore nature,material experiment received unprecedented attention from people.Mechanistic determinism is deeply rooted.Until the beginning of the 20 th century,people’s exploration of nature expanded to the deep universe and the micro world.Due to the current technical conditions,it is difficult for people to solve the macro scale problems of the universe and explain the motion state of particles in the micro world through material experiments.Physicists represented by Einstein,Thought experiments help people to make new breakthroughs in the macroscopic field of the universe and the world of microscopic particles.However,material experiments will be restricted by technical conditions,experimental environment,high cost,long cycle and other factors,and it is difficult to play a role in the micro particle world full of probability.The thought experiment will be affected by the subject’s inherent ideas,computing ability and memory ability,and because of its own abstractness,the hypothesis generated by it cannot be directly turned into an objective empirical fact.These defects are unavoidable,so people are eager to find new experimental methods to make up for their defects.In the middle of the 20 th century,with the birth and development of virtual reality technology,virtual experiment emerged at the historic moment,and people realized the idea of expressing everything with digital.Because of its characteristics of virtuality,interaction,autonomy and so on,it can reduce the cost and risk of experiment and is not affected by time,space and subjective factors.To a certain extent,it can make up for the defects of material experiment and thought experiment,broaden the scope of people’s practice and improve people’s cognitive ability.However,this does not mean that virtual experiments can replace material experiments and thought experiments,they have their own irreplaceable characteristics.Thought experiment can give full play to people’s imagination and creativity,design different experimental schemes to ensure the feasibility of the experiment.Virtual experiment can express the experimental scheme through virtual reality technology,and finally material experiment can verify the data and conclusions,so as to achieve the experimental purpose efficiently.The evolution of physics experimental methods is due to the external factors from people’s thirst for knowledge,the progress of technology and the accumulation of knowledge,and the internal factors from the continuous development potential of physics experimental methods themselves.The value of the evolution of physics experimental methods,from the national level,can save national resources,ensure the rational use of resources;From the social level,it can accelerate the pace of development in all fields of science;From the personal level,I can enhance my practical ability and quickly improve my professional skills on the premise of ensuring safety.