Study On Physical Characteristics Of Maonan In China

Maonan nationality is one of the ethnic minorities with a small population in China,mainly living in Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County,Hechi City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.In order to reveal the physical characteristics of Maonan ethnic group,our research group visited Maonan Autonomous County in Huanjiang,Guangxi Province in November2019.We measured and observed the constitutions of local Maonan adults,including 18 head-face measurement index,20 head-face observation indicators,19 direct body measurement indexes,9 circumference indexes,6skin fold thickness indexes,19 body composition indexes and 14 classical genetic research indexes.A total of 476 samples of Maonan adults(204 males and 272 females)were obtained.The obtained data were entered into Excel2016,and SPSS22.0 software was used for statistical processing.The research results are as follows:(1)Among thehead-face observation indicators of Maonan nationality,the pointed sharp type of forehead hairline,frontal slope is straight,eyebrows are rare,weak eyebrow arch,upper eyelid fold,no Mongolian fold,opening height of eyeslits is middle,direction of eyeslits is middle,nasal root height is middle,nasal profile is straight,nasal base is upturned,maximal diameter of nostrils is transverse,zygom atic projection is middle,triangular earlobe is common,non beaut ditch,straight chin,upper lip skin height is middle,positive lip type,thin lip and breadth of alae nasi is middle had the highest incidence.The male and female of Maonan are brachycephaly,hypsicephalic,mesoceophaly,platyrrhing.Male is maesoprosopy,female is leptoprosopu.(2)The male and female of Maonan nationality are wide chest,wide shoulder,wide pelvis and middle leg type.Male is stature short and long torso.Female is medium height and middle torso.(3)In Maonan nationality,the head circumference,biceps ircumference,maximum forearm circumference,maximum biceps circumference are greater than those of female,except that the thigh circumference of male is smaller than that of female.Compared with the other 15 ethnic groups in China,the circumference of Maonan ethnic group is at a medium level,which is close to those of Zhuang,Shui,Dong and Han ethnic groups in Guangxi in the south.(4)In addition to the fact that the thickness values of the triceps skinfold,medial calf skinfold of Maonan male were lower than those of women,the biceps skinfold,subscapular skinfold,suprailiac skinfold,anterior superior spine skinfold were higher than those of female.Compared with the other 14 ethnic groups in China,the skin fold thickness of Maonan is close to that of Zhuang,Shui,Miao and other southern ethnic groups.(5)The average somatotype values of Maonan males and females are 4.4-6.1-1.2 and4.6-5.5-0.9 respectively,all of which belong to mesoderm somatotype of partial endoderm.Compared with the other 14 ethnic groups in China,the Maonan ethnic group has a moderate degree of obesity,a high degree of muscle and bone development,and a poor linear degree of the body.Its body shape is similar to that of the Zhuang and Miao ethnic groups in the south,and has the body shape characteristics of the ethnic groups of South Asia ethnic group.(6)Maonan male’s body mass,estimated bone mass,total energy metabolism,percent body water,visceral fat level,the various muscle mass is greater than that of female,the various fat rate is less than that of female.According to the PBF criteria recommended by the World Health Organization,the average PBF of male and female of the Maos is 22.1% and33.8%,which are non-obese.According to the BMI classification criteria of adults in China,the average BMI of male and female of Maonan is 24.3 and24.6,which are overweight,which was close to the offline of overweight.(7)The comparison of their physical characteristics with those of the other 15 ethnic groups in China revealed that compared with the northern ethnic groups,the Maonan ethnic group had smaller stature and sitting height,shorter lower extremity length and narrower head and face.The physical characteristics of Maonan nationalityare the closest to Zhuang,Bouyei,Dong,Shui,Mulao,Miao ethnic groups in the south,and their physical characteristics belong to the southen Asia ethnic group.(8)Among the 14 classical genetic research indexes of Maonan nationality,the ones with upper eyelid fold,no Mongolian fold,unconvex nasal profile,nostril profile wide,unconvex of chin type,ear lobe,sharp type of forehead hairline,straight hair,non rolling tongue,non rolling tongue,pointed tongue,right hand clasping,right handedness,left arm folding had the highest incidence.And the occurrence rate is the closest with Zhuang,Dong,Shui,Yao,Buyi.Conclusion: The physical characteristics and genetic characteristic of Maonan nationality are the closest to Zhuang,Bouyei,Dong,Shui,Yao Miao ethnic groups in the south,and their physical characteristics belong to the southen Asia ethnic group.