Effects Of Different N-6/n-3 Ratio Of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids And Intervention Methods On Diabetic Mice

Influenced by factors such as unreasonable diet and changing lifestyle,the incidence of diabetes has increased significantly and is getting younger.Diabetes can cause a variety of complications,which seriously threaten human health.Many studies have shown that polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)can significantly improve the health status of diabetic patients.There are mainly two series of PUFA,n-3 and n-6.The two types of PUFA coordinate and restrict each other in function and cannot be transformed in vivo,so it is not scientific to consider the influence of only one type of PUFA on diabetes.At the same time,there are few studies on the effect of n-6/n-3 PUFA on diabetes mellitus.In this study,chia seed oil rich in α-linolenic acid was prepared by microwave pretreatment,and then composite vegetable oil with different ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA was prepared.Db/db diabetic mice were continuously and intermittently intervened for 3-9 months to explore the relationship between the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA and diabetes,so as to provide a basis for the development of special vegetable oil for diabetic patients.(1)The technology of microwave pretreatment to extract chia seed oil was developed.Considering oil yield,acid value and peroxide value of chia oil,When the thickness of chia seeds was 1.0 cm,the optimum processing conditions for microwave pretreatment of chia seeds were as follows: the moisture content of chia seeds was 12%,the microwave treatment time was 3 min,and the microwave power was 600 W.Under these conditions,the extraction rate of chia seed oil was 65.33%,which was 11.18% higher than that of the oil directly pressed without microwave treatment.It can be seen that microwave pretreatment has the advantages of fast speed,high oil yield and little influence on oil quality.(2)Low n-6/n-3 PUFA can improve common symptoms in diabetic mice.The diet intervention of n-6/n-3 with 5.14:1 increased the weight of diabetic mice.Compared with the control group,the weight of the long-term intervention group and the intermittent intervention group increased by 3.21% and 4.00% respectively.The dietary intake of long-term intervention of n-6/n-3 with 5.14:1 decreased 20.10% compared with the control group,while the intermittent intervention group increased by 26.37% compared with the control group.The intervention n-6/n-3 with 5.14:1 improved the food efficiency of diabetic mice,and the difference in dietary intake between the two groups indicated that the diet change increased the appetite of the mice.(3)Low n-6/n-3 PUFA can improve glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic mice.The blood glucose of the long-term intervention group and the intermittent intervention group decreased by 20.27% and 14.59% compared with the control group.The diet intervention of n-6/n-3 with 5.14:1 had a certain regulation function on the blood glucose of diabetic mice.Compared with the control group,triglyceride in the long-term intervention group and intermittent intervention group decreased by 34.25% and 31.19%,total cholesterol decreased by 29.48% and 31.98%,low density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased by 44.69% and 81.67%,high density lipoprotein cholesterol increased by 41.95% and 40.93%,and atherosclerosis index(AI)decreased by 47.28% and 59.97%.The diet intervention of n-6/n-3 with 5.14:1could improve lipid metabolism disorder,reduce lipid deposition.At the same time,AI was significantly reduced to prevent cardiovascular complications of diabetes(4)Low n-6/n-3 PUFA can improve liver function in diabetic mice.The diet intervention of n-6/n-3 with 5.14:1 increased liver glycogen,and the long-term intervention group and the intermittent intervention group increased 72.36% and 84.30% compared with the control group.Compared with the control group,the liver coefficient of the long-term intervention group and the intermittent intervention group decreased by 32.95% and 24.42%,which reduced hepatomegaly and fatty livers status.The diet intervention of n-6/n-3 with 5.14:1 also reduced glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase levels in diabetic mice.Combined with the results of liver pathological sections,the diet intervention of n-6/n-3 with 5.14:1 could reduce liver damage and inflammation,and had certain protective functions to the liver in diabetic mice.(5)Low n-6/n-3 PUFA can improve insulin signaling pathway in diabetic mice.The diet intervention of n-6/n-3 with 5.14:1 may up--regulate the expression of Akt in diabetic mice and activate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,down-regulate the expression of key gluconeogenic enzymes PEPCK,reduce liver gluconeogenesis,liver glucose output,and blood glucose.(6)Low n-6/n-3 PUFA can reduce mortality and prolonged survival in diabetic mice.The long-term intervention of n-6/n-3 with 5.14:1 had a survival rate of 12.50% after 9 months,and the mice were in good condition,which may be due to the decrease of blood glucose and lipid and the remission of diabetes symptoms.