A Study On Pottery-Making Craft In Panlongcheng Site And Its Related Problems

In the past,the research on handicraft products in Xia and Shang Dynasties mostly focused on bronze and jade,and the research on ceramic technology is generally less,and most of them only focused on ceramic technology,but failed to deeply explore the production organization mode behind ceramic technology.Therefore,based on the previous research results,this paper makes a detailed observation on the pottery unearthed in recent years in Panlongcheng,a typical Shang Dynasty site in the south.By studying and judging the surface traces of pottery,this paper summarizes the pottery-making craft in Panlongcheng site,supplemented by the data analysis results of relevant ceramic container sizes,this paper makes a preliminary analysis and discussion on the pottery production organization mode of Panlongcheng.This paper is divided into five chapters.The first chapter is the introduction.This paper reviews the past research process of pottery-making craft and related problems in China from six aspects:ethnography,observation method,scientific and technological archaeology,experimental archaeology,data processing and statistical analysis,and theoretical exploration of pottery research,points out the problems existing in the past research and the significance of this paper,and introduces the research ideas and methods of this paper.The second chapter is the general situation of Panlongcheng site.Firstly,it briefly describes the geographical location,cultural appearance and nature of Panlongcheng site,then explains the investigation and excavation results from 2013 to 2021,and finally makes a brief introduction to the materials used in this paper.The third chapter is the research on the pottery-making craft of Panlongcheng site.This is one of the core chapters of this paper.Firstly,from the perspective of The Chaǐne Opératoire,the production technology of pottery in Panlongcheng site is summarized from six aspects:raw material mining and preparation,molding technology,finishing technology,decoration technology,firing technology and restructuring.Then the typical pottery such as Dakougang,Li,Yan,Guan,Gui,Jue,Pen and Dakouzun were observed,and the production process was discussed combined with the stages to restore the production process of the typical pottery.This paper holds that in terms of the mining,selection and preparation of raw materials,the clay and mixing materials of Panlongcheng site are selectively taken from the site and its surrounding areas;In terms of molding technology,the molding methods of pottery in Panlongcheng site are diverse,mainly including clay-strip forming technique and clay-strip throwing technology.In contrast,the moulding by throwing method is declining.In addition,auxiliary molding processes such as adhesion and attachment have also been widely used;As far as the trim technology is concerned,the pottery of panlongcheng site has generally been trimmed,but the overall level of the trim technology is not high;In terms of decoration technology,the pottery in panlongcheng site has formed a decoration system dominated by rope patterns,and the decoration process,matching and combination of patterns and specific parts of similar pottery are basically the same;In terms of firing technology,the pottery of panlongcheng site can be divided into two firing methods:kiln firing and kiln free firing.A considerable number of pottery are kiln free firing,and the pottery color is mostly red.In addition,carburizing technology has also been widely used in the pottery of panlongcheng site,among which most of the cookers such as Li are mostly carburized outside the kiln;As far as the restructuring is concerned,at present,the only visible restructuring artifacts in Panlongcheng site are round pottery pieces.Most of them have been restructured into Dakougang belly pieces,with regular shape.Most of them were unearthed in house sites and tombs,suggesting that round pottery pieces may have special functions and properties.Through comprehensive observation,it is found that the potterymaking craft of panlongcheng site tends to be standardized from the early to the middle stage,while in the late stage of panlongcheng,with the decline of pottery-making craft,it shows diversity.The fourth chapter is the research on the production organization mode of pottery in panlongcheng site.This is another core chapter of this paper.Firstly,based on the relevant theoretical research results at home and abroad,this paper discriminates the relationship between specialization and production organization mode,standardization and diversity.Secondly,combined with the actual situation of this paper,this paper puts forward the idea of studying the pottery production organization mode of panlongcheng site,that is,to restore and explore the pottery production organization mode of panlongcheng site from three aspects:chemical composition analysis,pottery-making craft and the size of pottery containers.Finally,based on the above ideas,it is concluded that there may be two kinds of production organization modes of attached production and independent production in the pottery of panlongcheng site.The fifth chapter is the conclusion.It mainly summarizes and reviews the views of this paper,and briefly points out some problems in this paper and some preventive measures in the process of continuing this research in the future.