Research On Pollution Characteristics And Toxic Effects Of Typical Plastic Products For Food Contact

Plastic food contact materials are widely used in daily life.However,the possible leaching of harmful substances from them and the biological health risk assessment under different food application scenarios remains unclear,yet.As the most commonly types of food contact materials,take-out container,plastic wrap and plastic bottle were selected in this study.The leaching behavior of microplastics,phthalate acid esters（PAEs）and heavy metals of three plastic products were investigated under three kinds of food simulants（ultrapure water,50%ethanol（v/v）,n-Hexane）,after that,the effects of the leachate on the development of zebrafish embryo and luminous bacteria were explored.The main details were as follows:（1）Leaching characteristics of microplastics in leachate under different food simulants:The average abundance of the total microplastics leached from PP and PS take-out containers was 7.11±1.85·100 m L^-1 and 11.78±2.25·100 m L^-1,respectively.The leached microplastics mainly came from the fragmented particles that were peeled off from the container itself,accounting for 68.8%and 69.8%.The average abundance of the total microplastics leached from PE and PVC plastic wrap was 2.67±0.82·100 m L^-1 and 3.78±0.92·100 m L^-1,severally.The average abundances of overall microplastics in PET and PP plastic bottles were 3.33±1.32·100 m L^-1 and 4.11±1.62·100 m L^-1.The types of leached microplastics were dominated by self-exfoliating fragmented particles,accounting for 63.4%and 62.0%,respectively.（2）The leaching type and migration amount of PAEs and heavy metals in the leaching solution under different food simulants:The migration of bis（2-ethylhexyl）phthalate（DEHP）and diisobutyl phthalate（DIBP）was detected in PP and PS take-out containers.The leaching of DEHP was not found in either take-out container in the aqueous environment.The maximum migration amount of both PAEs appeared in the fatty environment of PS take-out container,and the maximum leaching concentrations were 0.797 mg·L^-1 and 0.384 mg·L^-1,respectively.The maximum migration amount of Pb in the PP container was 0.037μg·L^-1.The migration of Cr in the PS container was the largest,and the maximum leaching concentration was 0.830μg·L^-1.Bis（2-ethylhexyl）phthalate（DEHP）,dioctyl Phthalate（DOP）and dibutyl phthalate（DBP）were detected in the leachate of PVC plastic wrap obtained from alcohol and fatty environments.The migration amount of DEHP was the highest at 0.504 mg·L^-1,while the concentration of DOP was the lowest at 0.012mg·L^-1.No migration of heavy metals was found in the plastic wrap and plastic bottle leachate of the two materials.（3）Toxicity effects of each leachate experimental group under different food simulants on zebrafish embryos and luminescent bacteria:Zebrafish embryos had the strongest inhibitory effect in the oil environment experimental group.At 48 and 72hpf,the heartbeats in 20seconds of zebrafish embryos in the fatty experimental group exposed to the PP and PS take-out containers was 82.76%and 77.59%of the control group,respectively.The maximum Inhibition rate was 16.07%.The 20 s heart rate of embryos in the PVC fatty experimental group was 85.9%and 80.4%of the control group within 48 and 72hpf,severally.The maximum IR was 16.07%.Some embryos also showed pericardial cysts and deformity symptoms of spinal curvature.