| Hyperlipidemia is a common lipid metabolic disease.Long-term irregular and unhealthy eating habits tend to increase the risk of hyperlipidemia,which will further develop into fatty liver,diabetes,coronary heart disease and other diseases.Dietary regulation is a relatively healthy way of conditioning for patients with hyperlipidemia.At present,one of the research hotspots of resistant starch is in the intestinal microflora and metabolic regulation of metabolic diseases.Our previous studies showed that lotus seed resistant starch type 3(LRS3)could promote the production of butyric acid by lactic acid fermentation of rat fecal and stool flora,and further inhibit the absorption of fat and promote the consumption of fat.Lactic acid is a postbiotic produced by RS3 metabolism in the intestine.Currently,studies on prebiotics,probiotics,and synbiotics are widespread,but studies on the effects of prebiotics and postbiotic in the intestine have not been reported.Therefore,to study the synergistic hypolipidemia effects of resistant starch and lactic acid(Sodium)on hyperlipidemia rats,this study investigated the effects of LRS3 and Lsodium Lactate(SL)on lipid levels of hyperlipidemia rats by intaking them ingavage,and analyzed the intestinal flora and metabolic differences between the small and large intestine of the rats.The relationship between intestinal microflora,differential metabolites and lipid indexes was constructed to reveal the mechanism of LRS3 and SL in reducing lipid through regulating intestinal microflora and metabolism mediated hyperlipidemia rats.It provides theoretical basis for the application of LRS3 and SL in functional food.The results of the study are as follows:(1)The hypolipidemic effects of LRS3 and SL on hyperlipidemia rats were studied by measuring the body weight,organ index,blood lipid,liver and intestinal tissue of rats.The results showed that compared with the high-fat model group(HMC),the lotus seed resistant starch group(HLRS),the sodium lactate group(HSL)and the lotus seed resistant starch sodium lactate mixed group(HLRSSL)effectively controlled the body weight increment of hyperlipidemia rats,and decreased liver index.The serum levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)in the HSL and HLRSSL groups were significantly higher than those in the HMC group,while the serum levels of triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TCHO)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were significantly lower than those in the HMC group.Compared with HLRS and HSL groups,the fat bubbles in liver cells in the HLRSSL group were significantly reduced,and the tissue cells of the heart artery,liver,small intestine,and colon of rats were arranged regularly and closely.These results suggest that LRS3 and SL synergistically can more effectively control body weight,regulate lipid levels,reduce fat accumulation in liver cells,and improve the pathological damage of cardiac artery,liver,small intestine and large intestine in high-fat rats.(2)The effects of LRS3 and SL on the structure and metabolism of small intestinal flora in rats were studied by high-throughput assay and untargeted metabolomics technique,and the relationship between small intestinal flora,differential metabolites and lipid indexes was constructed.The results showed that compared with the HMC group,the abundance of Romboutsia and Blautia in the small intestine of the HLRS group decreased.Psychrobacter and Moheibacter were increased in the HSL group,and Lactobacillus and Romboutsia were decreased.While the HLRSSL group was increased in Ruminococcus and Treponema.At the same time,the contents of taurodeoxycholic acid(TDCA)and 5-deoxykievitone in small intestine of HLRS group increased,but the contents of 11-Dehydrothromboxane B2 and 17,18-Ep ETE decreased.The content of carvacrol,estrone glucuronide,Estradiol-17 beta 3-sulfate and other metabolites in HLRSSL group increased,but the content of acetylcysteine decreased.These metabolites further affect glutathione metabolism,cysteine and methionine metabolism,pentose and glucuronic acid mutual conversion,taurine and taurine metabolism,and other metabolic pathways,thus affecting the level of blood lipid in rats.Correlation analysis showed that the increased Ruminococcus abundance in the small intestine of the HLRSSL group was positively correlated with androstenedione and ricinoleic acid.Androstenedione and ricinoleic acid were negatively correlated with serum TCHO and LDL-C,but positively correlated with HDL-C.Treponema,which was also increased in the HLRSSL group,was positively correlated with carvacrol,which was negatively correlated with serum TCHO.Romboutsia reduction in the HLRSSL group was negatively correlated with estradiol-17 beta 3-sulfate,estrone,taurocholic acid,and capsidiol.Romboutsia was positively correlated with prostaglandin F2 a and Lyso PC(18:1(9Z)),negatively correlated with serum TG,TCHO and LDL-C,and positively correlated with HDL-C.Therefore,LRS3 and SL synergistically inhibit Romboutsia proliferation by promoting the growth of Ruminococcus and Treponema,thereby promoting the production of metabolites such as Carvacrol and Estradiol-17 beta 3-sulfate.And through the corresponding lipid,amino acid,and carbohydrate metabolism pathway to affect the level of blood lipid,achieves the synergistic effect of lowering blood lipid.(3)The effects of LRS3 and SL on the structure and metabolism of coliforms in rats were studied by high-throughput assay and untargeted metabolomics technique,and the relationship between coliforms,differential metabolites and lipid indexes was constructed.The results showed that the growth of bacteria such as Allobaculum,unclassified＿f＿＿Lachnospiraceae,and the reduction of bacteria such as Turicibacter,Clostridium＿sensu＿stricto＿1 in the colon of hyperlipidemic rats induced by high-fat diet may lead to histamine,c GMP,PC(15:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))and other substances,thereby adversely affecting blood lipid levels in serum.Compared with the HMC group,the abundance of Romboutsia and Blautia in the HLRS group decreased,the profusion of Lactobacillus decreased in the HSL group,and the profusion of Ruminococcus＿torques＿group increased,while the abundance of Treponema increased in the HLRSSL group,and the profusion of Romboutsia and unclassified＿f＿＿Lachnospiraceae decreased.Furthermore,the levels of L-ribulose,tetrahydrobiopterin,pantothenic acid,ricinoleic acid,5,6-epoxidation,18R-HEpe,and 2-hydroxyestradiol in the colon of the HLRSSL group increased.The differential metabolites in the HLRSSL and the HMC groups were enriched in galactose metabolism,mutual conversion of pentose and glucuronic acid,and folic acid biosynthesis.Correlation analysis showed that the abundance of Ruminococcus and Treponema increased in the HLRSSL group,while Romboutsia abundance decreased.Ruminococcus had a significant positive correlation with Pantothenic acid.It was negatively correlated with 10-hydroxy-3-methoxy-1,3,5,7-cadinatetraen-9-One.Treponema was positively correlated with Ricinoleic acid,which was negatively correlated with TCHO.Romboutsia was positively correlated with Prostaglandin F2 a and Lyso PC(18:1(9Z)),which were negatively correlated with serum TG,TCHO and LDL-C,and positively correlated with HDL-C.Therefore,LRS3 and SL can synergically promote the proliferation of Ruminococcus and Treponema,inhibit the growth of Romboutsia,regulate the composition of metabolites in the large intestine,and affect the glucolipid metabolism pathway,thus achieving the effect of reducing the lipid level of hyperlipidemia rats.Combined with the results of intestinal flora and metabolism,there is a result that LRS3 and SL synergistically can promote the proliferation of Ruminococcus and Treponema in the intestinal tract and inhibit the growth of Romboutsia.And by promoting the production of androstenedione,ricinoleic acid,pantothenic acid and carvacrol in the intestinal tract,reduce prostaglandin F2 a and Lyso PC(18:1(9Z))and affect lipid,amino acid,and carbohydrate metabolism,so as to regulate blood lipid levels. |
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