Content And Activity Analysis Of Characteristic Substances In Camellia Oleifera Seeds

Camellia oleifera seeds,as an important woody oil crop seed,have been widely concerned because its seed oil has good functional characteristics.Camellia oleifera seeds are rich in polyphenols and tea saponins,which have antioxidant,antitumor and other pharmacological activities,and have a wide range of beneficial health effects in vivo and in vitro.After processing,some of the polar components are transferred to oil,while most of them remain in Camellia oleifera cake.Camellia oleifera cake contains 12～18% tea saponins.At present,the research on polar active substances of Camellia oleifera seeds at home and abroad focuses on polyphenols,and the research on tea saponins is mainly the separation and purification of Camellia oleifera cake,while the research on tea saponins in Camellia oleifera seed oil is rarely reported.Based on the planting and natural distribution of Camellia oleifera in China,this paper selects Camellia oleifera seed samples from 9 producing areas to carry out the following work:(1)the content distribution of total phenols and total saponins in Camellia oleifera seeds,Camellia oleifera seed oil from 9 producing areas and Camellia oleifera cake from 5 key producing areas was studied by vortex extraction method,so as to provide content standards for the study of polar active substances in Camellia oleifera seeds;(2)By measuring DPPH radical scavenging ability and β-The bleaching ability of carotene and the antioxidant ability of polar active substances in Camellia oleifera seeds in different systems were evaluated;The surface activities of free phenols,bound phenols and total saponins in Camellia oleifera seed oil were determined by surface tension method,which provided basic data for the antioxidant capacity and surface activity of polar active substances in Camellia oleifera seed oil;(3)The contents of total phenols and total saponins and antioxidant capacity of Camellia meiocarpa seeds from 8 producing areas in Fujian Province were determined;(4)The total saponins in Camellia oleifera seed oil and Camellia oleifera cake were separated and purified by macroporous resin method,preliminarily characterized by Fourier infrared spectroscopy,and their surface activity and antioxidant capacity were evaluated.The main results are as follows:(1)Using vortex extraction method,the total phenol content of Camellia oleifera seeds from 9 different producing areas ranged from 13048.89 to 28526.67 mg GAE/kg,in which free phenol accounted for 62.81%～75.65% and bound phenol accounted for 24.34%～37.19%.The total phenol content of Camellia oleifera seed oil ranges from 49.58 to 137.36 mg GAE/kg,in which free phenol accounts for62.35%～75.43% and bound phenol accounts for 24.57%～37.65%.The total saponin content of Camellia oleifera seeds is 62272.44～228415.99 mg/kg,and the total saponin content of Camellia oleifera seed oil is 1496.84～6496.92 mg/kg.The total phenol content of Camellia oleifera cake ranged from 144037.78 to 28148.89 mg GAE/kg,and the total saponin content ranged from 85247.96 to 284243.57 mg/kg.(2)Free phenols,bound phenols and total saponins in Camellia oleifera seed oil and Camellia oleifera cake from different producing areas have good antioxidant activities.In the polar system,the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of free phenols,bound phenols and total saponins extracts of Camellia oleifera seed oil ranged from 3.41 to 10.15 μmol TE/kg,1.43 to 3.67 μmol TE/kg and 3.51 to 9.01μmol TE/kg,respectively;The DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of free phenols,bound phenols and total saponins extracts from Camellia oleifera cake ranged from11343.97 to 32403.87 μmol TE/kg,5755.19 to 18515.04 μmol TE/kg and 4512.45 to14749.91 μmol TE/kg,respectively.In the non-polar system,the β-The bleaching capacity of carotene of free phenols,bound phenols and total saponins extracts from Camellia oleifera seed oil ranges from 24.40 to 68.14 μmol ɑ-TE/kg,8.19 to 27.53μmol ɑ-TE/kg and 12.91 to 61.44 μmol ɑ-TE/kg;β-The bleaching capacity of carotene of free phenols,bound phenols and total saponins extraction from Camellia oleifera cake ranges from 7016.82 to 8704.21 μmol ɑ-TE/kg,2734.41 to 4392.11μmol ɑ-TE/kg and 486.20 to 816.87 μmol TE/kg.The cmc value of free phenols extract in Camellia oleifera seed oil ranges from 17.06 to 37.97 μg/m L,the combined phenols extract ranges from 23.12 to 43.80 μg/m L,and the total saponin extract ranges from 0.13 to 0.28 mg/m L.(3)The contents of free phenols,bound phenols and total saponins in Camellia meiocarpa seed oil and Camellia meiocarpa cake from eight producing areas in Fujian Province were slightly higher than those from Camellia oleifera in 9producing areas.The DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of Camellia meiocarpa seed oil free phenols extract was 3.57 times,bound phenols extract was 2.70 times and total saponins extract was 8.86 times higher than that of Camellia oleifera from 9producing areas;The DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of free phenols extract from Camellia meiocarpa cake was 1.49 times,that of combined phenols extract was1.35 times and that of total saponins extract was 1.95 times;Extraction of free phenols,bound phenols and total saponins from Camellia meiocarpa seed oil and cake β-The bleaching capacity of carotene is equivalent to that of Camellia oleifera.(4)The total saponins in Camellia oleifera seed oil and Camellia oleifera cake were purified by macroporous resin method,and the purity was 92.88% and 89.99%respectively.The structure of total saponins in Camellia oleifera cake was different from that in Camellia oleifera seed oil by FT-IR spectroscopy.The surface activity and antioxidant activity of total saponins in C.oleifera seed oil were better than those in C.oleifera seed cake.