Research On Ecological Compensation Policy,Livelihood Capital And Overgrazing Behavior Of Herdsmen

Overgrazing is considered to be an important human factor causing grassland degradation.In order to protect the grassland ecology and improve the livelihood level of the herdsmen,China has officially implemented the grassland ecological subsidy policy since 2011.However,since the implementation of the policy,the situation of overgrazing in pastoral areas is still widespread,and the contradiction between the protection of grassland ecology and the improvement of pastoral livelihood is still prominent.How to further restrain the overgrazing in pastoral areas and improve the living standard of herdsmen has become an urgent problem to be solved in the ecological subsidy policy.Existing research lack of ecological award policy,pastoral livelihood capital and herdsmen overload grazing behavior combination of systematic research,herdsmen is the objective subject of ecological award policy implementation,policy needs to use herdsmen to work,ecological award policy in the influence of herdsmen grazing behavior will inevitably affect the livelihood of the herdsmen,and livelihood capital and is closely related to herdsmen production and living,is the material basis of herdsmen grazing decision.Therefore,it is of great significance to systematically study the impact of ecological subsidy policy on the livelihood capital and overgrazing behavior,and explore the logical correlation among the subsequent improvement of ecological subsidy policy and the organic combination of grassland ecological protection and improvement of pastoral livelihood.This paper in Qinghai and Gansu as the research area,using two provinces 269 herdsmen micro research data,first from the theoretical level,the livelihood capital and overgrazing policy,and then with the entropy method and based on feeding load rate accounting standard measurement and analyzed the livelihood of the capital stock and overloaded grazing status,on the basis,with the Tobit model,binary Logit model,mediation effect model,empirical analysis of the policy of livelihood capital and overgrazing behavior,and from the effect of heterogeneity of livelihood level,operating area.Finally,we examine the mediation effect of livelihood capital between ecological subsidy award policy and overgrazing,and the influence of livelihood capital on overgrazing behavior is analyzed.The main conclusions are as follows:1.the herdsmen in Qinghai and Gansu provinces are rich in social capital,human capital and material capital,natural capital and financial capital,62.08% is lower than average,the average livelihood capital of herdsmen in Gansu Province is about 1.43 times that of Qinghai Province;overgrazing is still widespread,56.01% in the study area,the overload rate of household is as high as 106.96%,the overgrazing with smaller operating area and lower living level.2.The ecological subsidy award policy can significantly improve the total value of livelihood capital and the livelihood capital score of herdsmen,the improvement effect of the total value with the improvement of livelihood level,the improvement effect of the total value of livelihood capital in small and medium-sized operating area is not significant,and the improvement effect of the total value of overloaded households is higher than that of non-overloaded households.3.The ecological subsidy award policy can significantly reduce the possibility of overgrazing and overgrazing degree,but the effect in different livelihood level and different operating area,specifically: ecological award policy for low operating area and high operating area of pastoral overgrazing possibility is not significant,the low livelihood level,high livelihood level and high operating area of pastoral overgrazing degree is not significant,also can improve the low operating area of overgrazing.4.The ecological subsidy award policy can not only directly inhibit the overgrazing behavior of herdsmen,but also indirectly inhibit the overgrazing behavior of herdsmen by increasing the livelihood capital of herdsmen.In terms of the specific impact of livelihood capital on overgrazing behavior,the improvement of human capital and natural capital can significantly reduce the possibility of overgrazing,and the improvement of natural capital and financial capital can significantly reduce the degree of overgrazing.Based on the research conclusion,this paper puts forward the following policy suggestions: First,in the case of the amount of compensation,strengthen the implementation of the policy of "minimum guarantee and cap" to ensure social fairness in pastoral areas.Second,we will implement a differentiated subsidy policy,raise the subsidy standard for farmers with low living level and low operating area,and promote the "fixed subsidy by reduction".Third,establish and improve the supervision mechanism,and strengthen the supervision of the implementation effect of the grassland ecological subsidy and award policy.Fourth,focus on improving the livelihood capital of herders and give full play to their inhibitory role on overgrazing.Fifth,encourage herdsmen to conduct grassland circulation and expand the grassland business area of herdsmen.