Research On Carbon Emission Characteristics And Carbon Reduction Strategies In The Materialization Stage Of Architecture

With the increasingly serious environmental problems such as climate change,the construction industry,as one of the top three carbon emitters,has an especially important role in reducing carbon emissions.The materialization stage of buildings emits a significant amount of carbon in a short time period and with high intensity.Therefore,studying the carbon emission characteristics and reduction strategies during this stage is highly necessary.However,the current domestic carbon emission factors in China are insufficient compared to developed countries,with incomplete types available.Furthermore,there is a lack of fundamental data regarding carbon emissions during the materialization stage of buildings,complex calculation methods,lack of clarity regarding carbon emission characteristics and influencing factors during materialization,and inadequate summary of reduction strategies targeting the materialization stage of buildings.These factors impede the promotion of carbon reduction in the construction phase of buildings.This study first established a carbon emission factor library for building materials and equipment.Materialization models for material and equipment carbon emissions were created,and carbon emission factors for commonly used building materials(including precast components and electrical equipment materials)and new green building materials were compiled through relevant literature research.In addition,carbon emission factors for decarbonization technology equipment such as solar photovoltaics,solar water heaters,light guide pipes,wind turbines,heat pump systems,and ice thermal storage systems were tabulated through literature research and manufacturer surveys,ultimately contributing to the establishment of a carbon emission factor library.Secondly,materialization stage carbon emission characteristics analysis and prediction model construction were conducted using reinforced concrete residential and office buildings in hot summer and cold winter regions as typical types.Based on a uniform calculation boundary,data during the production and construction phases of 60 reinforced concrete buildings in a hot summer and cold winter zone and of 50 buildings during their construction phase were collected.The carbon emission characteristics of the production and construction phases of reinforced concrete structures in office and residential buildings in this zone were analyzed,and carbon emission prediction models for the production and construction stages of reinforced concrete buildings in office and residential zones were constructed.These models were validated using data sets via carbon emission predictions.Lastly,combined with the established carbon emission factor library and the key influencing factors of carbon emission during the production and construction phases of typical types of buildings,carbon reduction optimization strategies were proposed for the materialization stage.This strategy can be divided into low-carbon structures,low-carbon building materials,low-carbon equipment,low-carbon construction schemes,and energyefficient machinery.The carbon reduction strategy applications were quantitatively evaluated through a case study involving a single office building which analyzed the carbon contribution rate and cost growth rate.The analysis demonstrated the effectiveness and cost performance of these carbon reduction strategies.This study established a carbon emission factor library that covers commonly used building materials,new green building materials,and decarbonization technology equipment.A significant amount of typical examples for carbon emission characteristics during the production and construction phases of reinforced concrete structures in office and residential buildings within hot summer and cold winter zones were analyzed,and carbon emission prediction models were constructed.Lastly,carbon reduction optimization strategies for the materialization stage were proposed.The results of this study can be used for engineering decarbonization projects and provide fundamental data for other carbon reduction studies.