Study On Optimization Of Community Spatial Structure In Beijing Central City Based On Microclimate Improvement

With the rapid development of urbanization and social progress in China,a large number of rural people have moved to cities.As the city becomes a major residential settlement,the urban structure is becoming more and more complex,and the functions and environment of the city are attracting more and more attention of urban residents.As one of the important components of the city,the outdoor climate environment(especially microclimate)of the community is the most basic living environment of urban residents,and more and more attention is paid to it."Beijing Urban Master Plan(2016-2035)" clearly points out to improve the order of urban space and functional organization,strictly control the scale of the city,and promote the comprehensive improvement of old residential areas in the central city;Construction of urban areas with fresh air,clear water and green shore and friendly ecological environment,promotion of block system in newly-built residential areas,and construction of small blocks,open and vibrant communities.Build a national civilized city with clean,beautiful and orderly environment.Therefore,it is of great significance to analyze the community space climate,improve the urban space structure,create a good community space environment and build the community in the future.Firstly,this paper extracts and analyzes the community data of the central city of Beijing through the network,and studies the overall spatial distribution of the community in the central city of Beijing and the typical spatial structure types of the community by analyzing the basic data of the community and the distribution density of the community.On this basis,64 communities were selected,and community data were collected and analyzed comprehensively through comprehensive methods such as network data screening and field investigation.Secondly,through the comprehensive study of the whole community in the central city and the research community,the compactness of the research community is analyzed according to the flow of people,landscape layout,outdoor space area,distribution of service facilities and coincidence degree of four indicators.According to the compactness,the overall spatial structure of the community is classified into three categories: compact,decentralized and polycentric.Next,on the basis of the research on the classification of community spatial structure,this paper further combs and analyzes the community spatial structure,extracts the main factors that affect the community spatial structure,and selects building layout,green space pattern,building height,and whether there is water body or not as the main factors that affect the community spatial structure,and makes the next analysis.At the same time,17 existing typical communities in 64 research communities were selected as the "mother" of the research experiment.Through the collection and analysis of meteorological data,the microclimate dynamic models of each typical community were established in ENVI-MET software,and the data and graphs after the simulation of each dynamic model were extracted,and relevant verification and data screening were carried out.Under the compact,decentralized and polycentric community spatial structures,the four spatial structure influencing factors of the corresponding communities were analyzed and compared,and According to the comparison results,the distribution law of microclimate in three different spatial structures,compact,decentralized and polycentric,and the law of influence factors on community microclimate are summarized.Finally,according to the analysis of the results and the summary of the rules,we propose the promotion and optimization models for three kinds of community space structures: compact,decentralized and polycentric,which provide broader ideas,perspectives and methods for the renovation of old community space and the planning and design of new community.