| On 3 September 2021,the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Protection and Inheritance of History and Culture in Urban and Rural Construction,emphasizing the need to fully integrate the protection and inheritance of history and culture into the overall situation of urban and rural construction and economic and social development.As one of the basic tasks in urban culture protection and inheritance,there are many achievements in the study of urban spatial form evolution,but the research objects are mostly concentrated in ancient capital cities or eastern cities with higher administrative rank and more developed economies,and there are fewer studies on the spatial form of county-level cities with lower administrative rank.The city of Xixiang,the subject of this paper,has a history of 1800 years,from the garrison city of the Shu Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period to one of the main tea supply areas during the Tang and Song dynasties,and to a major town in the Han East during the Ming and Qing dynasties,with profound cultural connotations.This paper mainly through literature research,element research,multidisciplinary research,and other methods,with the help of local chronicles,twenty-four histories,and other ancient books and documents,to sort out the changes in the Xixiang county and city site from the Three Kingdoms to the Yuan Dynasty,and the settlement of the current location at the end of the Yuan Dynasty in the Yuan,Ming,and Qing Dynasties.The evolution process of the spatial form of Xixiang county in each dynasty and the mechanism which affects its evolution was studied.This paper has concluded the main reasons to affect the variation in the early city sites were caused by the regional military structure revolution,the changes in the spatial form of county towns in the Yuan,Ming,and Qing dynasties mainly pushed by the natural environment,population changes,disasters,religious and cultural factors under the interaction of self-organization and other organizational mechanisms.The thesis mainly contains four parts:Firstly,according to the historical and cultural characteristics of the Hanzhong region,the historical background of the four migrations of the Xixiang county from the Three Kingdoms to the end of the Yuan Dynasty was sorted out,combined with the geographical environment of the previous cities,the law of the early migration of the Xixiang county was summarized,and the study concluded that the impact on the early Xixiang county was The main factor of change is the change of the regional military pattern caused by the change of regimeSecondly,with the help of ancient theories of urban siting,the scientific nature of the site selection at the end of the Yuan Dynasty is argued.Combined with the theory of reasonable agricultural cultivation radius,the analysis shows that the uneven distribution of arable land resources and the disorder of pirates were the main reasons for the formation of the "one city,one fortress" pattern in Xixiang County in the Ming Dynasty.On the basis of the Ming dynasty,and in the context of the social background of the southern Shaanxi region in the Qing dynasty,the analysis concludes that migration was a major factor in the formation of the "four gates and three passes" pattern of Xixiang County in the Qing dynasty.The different functional spaces that constituted Xixiang County in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are sorted out,and the spatial pattern of Xixiang County in the Ming and Qing Dynasties is restored.Finally,combined with the previous studies,the analysis concludes that the spatial form of the Xixiang county town was mainly driven by the influence of the natural environment,demographic changes,calamities and religious belief factors,through a combination of self-organising and other-organising mechanisms at different times,leading to the development and evolution.Through the study of the evolution of the ancient Xixiang county’s spatial form and its influence mechanism,the characteristics and evolution laws of its spatial form are summarized,and the theoretical results of the evolution of the spatial form of small cities in the central and western regions are enriched.Provide some historical experience and ideas for reference. |
