Research On Multi-layer Identity Authentication Mechanism For High Consensus Efficiency In Internet Of Vehicles

With the continuous advancement of automobile industry technology,the concept of Internet of Vehicles(Io V)has been proposed.However,the Internet of Vehicles has the characteristics of rapid changes in the network topology,the complex communication environment,and the large node coverage,so that the user information in the Internet of Vehicles is easily interfered and stolen.Therefore,the security and privacy protection of the system are particularly important.Most of the traditional authentication schemes are based on the central server in the Internet of Vehicles.In this mode,once the central server is attacked,the entire system may face the risk of paralysis,and as the number of vehicles continues to increase,the burden on the central server is getting heavier,which can easily lead to increased network latency and even network breakdown.In response to the above problems,this paper designs and implements a decentralized multi-layer identity authentication scheme suitable for the Internet of Vehicles.The solution adopts the distributed architecture of the blockchain,which solves the problem of fragility of the central server in the identity authentication of the traditional Internet of Vehicles,reduces the risk of single-node attacks,and enhances the security of identity authentication in the Internet of Vehicles.On this basis,this scheme proposes a multi-layer identity authentication mechanism,including the accounts and passwords authentication,the vehicle information authentication and the key authentication.The multi-layer authentication mechanism jointly guarantees the security of the Internet of Vehicles system.Next,applying the proposed multi-layer identity authentication mechanism,this paper designs a smart contract for realizing the identity authentication based on the Truffle framework.The identity authentication system in this paper is implemented on the Ethereum platform,and its bottom layer uses Po W consensus algorithm,but Po W cannot solve the Byzantine general problem,and the consensus efficiency is low.In response to this problem,considering that the PBFT consensus algorithm can solve the Byzantine Generals problem,but when the number of nodes increases,its consensus efficiency is still low.For this reason,this paper improves the consensus algorithm in the above mentioned multi-layer identity authentication scheme based on PBFT,and proposes a safer and more efficient consensus algorithm-SG-PBFT,which uses score and grouping methods to improve the consensus efficiency and safety.The experimental results show that the SG-PBFT algorithm can effectively improve the consensus efficiency.When the number of nodes reaches 1000,compared with PBFT,SG-PBFT reduces transaction latency by 73%,reduces communication overhead by 75%,and increases throughput by 62.5%.Meanwhile,the security analysis proves the security of this scheme.