| With the rapid development of cities and the gradual improvement of residents’ living standards,people are paying more and more attention to health issues,and the demand for sports and fitness space is increasing,in pursuit of a more comfortable sports environment.At this time,the value of marginal land and idle land in the city is reflected.92 community sports and cultural parks will be built in the corners of the built-up areas in the central city of Chongqing to create leisure and fitness places for residents,and at the same time increase the urban green quantity.Therefore,how to design a miniature sports park with distinctive features and provide a comfortable sports environment is a problem that needs to be considered and solved.Taking the comfort of sports and leisure environment as the starting point of the design and research of Chongqing Sports Culture Park,this paper arranges and summarizes the basic theory of comfort design and evaluation of miniature Sports Park,analyzes the influencing factors of environmental comfort,and summarizes the comfort design approaches proposed by predecessors.Combined with relevant research,this paper investigates and collects data on the representative Chongqing miniature sports culture park that has been put into use.The evaluation system is used to evaluate and analyze the comfort of sports and leisure environment in Anjiaju Sports Culture Park,Fengming Sports Culture Park,Huilongqiao Sports Culture Park,Danlong Sports Culture Park and Huilongwan Sports Culture Park in Chongqing.This paper puts forward the design approach of miniature Sports Culture Park Based on comfort evaluation,which can better guide the planning and design of Sports Culture Park,in order to improve the service ability of Sports Culture Park.So as to reach the following conclusions:(1)Characteristics of the current situation of the first batch of miniature Sports Culture Parks built in Chongqing: The main function is to provide the surrounding residents with fitness and leisure space,the site is irregular.The average greening rate of the park is 51.8%,the average greening coverage rate is 59.0%,and the average hard site is 44.4%.The sports facilities in the park are mainly basketball courts,badminton courts,table tennis courts and fitness equipment,and fitness equipment is the basic facilities of each park.The forms of seats include tree pool seat stool,steel seat and wood seat.The pavement of the park sports venues meets the requirements of relevant sports venues,and the pavement of other activity venues is mainly permeable pavement.The plant species in the park are mainly native plants and domesticated garden plants of Chongqing,but there is a lack of ornamental plants in the park.Good maintenance and management of plants in later period.There are also some problems in some miniature sports and cultural parks,such as insufficient number of rest facilities and unreasonable location;The low green coverage rate of the site affects visitors’ comfort.Poor maintenance of environment,plant landscape and fitness equipment lead to poor environmental sanitation,unsatisfactory plant landscape effect and potential safety hazards of fitness equipment.(2)Field research was conducted on the selected 5 miniature Sports Culture Parks to collect site elements,microclimate data and questionnaire survey.The questionnaire shows that the tourists are mainly women,and their occupations are office workers and retirees.More than 80% of visitors come to the park on foot and spend about 20 minutes,mainly living within 1000 m of the park.Most visitors come to the park once a day.More than 40% of visitors stay for 1-2 hours,and the most people come to the park for fitness.The microclimate detection data show that the air temperature reaches the peak from14:00 to 16:00.The park is adjacent to urban roads.Traffic noise is the main source of environmental noise in the park,but the site has noise blocking measures.The function of the park is divided into leisure activity area,ball games area,fitness activity area and children’s activity area.Most of the activity sites are terraces with different elevations,which are paved with permeable pavement.The space is mostly semi enclosed.The plants are mainly arbor shrubs or trees and grass,with a small number of deciduous trees.(3)The main factors that affect the comfort degree of park sports and leisure environment are climate factors(temperature,humidity,solar radiation,wind speed),landscape elements(plants,terrain,water,structures,hard paving,service facilities),space enclosure degree and harmony environment,etc.(4)The order of importance of the criterion layer of the comfort evaluation system of sports and leisure environment in Chongqing miniature Sports Culture Park is: site microclimate(0.3828)> site planning(0.2553)> site construction and maintenance(0.1816)> site design(0.1804).According to the final weight calculation results of the evaluation system,the top ten indexes of importance are: temperature(0.1601),environmental noise(0.1195),thermal radiation(0.0784),humidity(0.0750),site greening coverage(0.0589),site layout(0.0511),plant maintenance degree(0.0507),site drainage smoothness(0.0477),site flatness(0.0443),and site pavement material(0.0430).(5)The comprehensive average score of the quarterly comfort evaluation of the sports and leisure environment of the selected 5 miniature sports culture parks is ranked from high to low as follows: Huilongqiao Sports Culture Park(4.302),Huilongwan Sports Culture Park(4.265),Fengming Sports Culture Park(4.261),An Jia Zui Sports Culture Park(4.235),Danlong Sports Culture Park(4.205).From the evaluation index score and current situation investigation and analysis,the problems existing in the comfort of the sports leisure environment design of Chongqing miniature Sports Culture Park mainly include the following contents.Low air cleanliness.The green space rate of the park is low,there are few hard activity venues,the terrain treatment of the park does not comply with the original terrain,the sports venues do not comply with relevant specifications,the number and type of fitness equipment are small,and the location has potential safety hazards.The site has low spatial enclosure,weak privacy,low green coverage of sports and leisure venues,few shading venues,and unreasonable material and location of rest facilities.The cleanliness of the site is poor,and the maintenance and management of plants in the later stage is not in place.(6)Based on the evaluation results of the comfort of the sports and leisure environment of the miniature Sports Culture Park,this paper puts forward the design strategies from the aspects of planning,design,construction and management.In order to improve the sports and leisure comfort of the miniature Sports Culture Park,enhance the vitality of the miniature Sports Culture Park,and then give full play to its social service ability. |
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