Research On The Pricing And Coordination Of Closed-Loop Power Battery Supply Chain Considering Government Subsidies Under The EPR System

With the continuous expansion of my country’s transportation market,road transportation carbon emissions account for 86% of transportation,consume a lot of energy and emit a lot of greenhouse gases.In response to this challenge,my country has vigorously developed the new energy vehicle industry to reduce carbon emissions in the transportation sector.With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry,the wave of "abandonment" of domestic new energy vehicle power batteries is coming.How to effectively recycle and dispose of power batteries has gradually become a thorny issue.In order to solve this problem,my country is trying to build an EPR system,and apply the EPR system to the power battery recycling process.The implementation of this system will help ensure the effective use and environmental protection of power batteries,and realize the transformation from "end treatment" to "source prevention".In order to promote resource conservation and recycling,the government should adopt appropriate subsidy strategies to guide and encourage relevant enterprises to participate in the recycling and reuse of power batteries to ensure the sustainable development of the new energy vehicle industry.Based on the above background,the power battery recycling chain in the existing research ignores the interest distribution relationship of the supply chain members to a certain extent.A single-cycle closed-loop supply chain model composed of,retailers and the government.The new power battery reaches consumers through the forward supply chain.If the performance of the battery cannot meet the normal operation of the electric vehicle or is removed for other reasons The reverse supply chain goes back to the battery producer.Using game theory and optimization theory,the pricing decision-making and profit distribution under different government subsidy models are first considered,and the impact of government subsidies on the optimal strategy and profit of the supply chain is discussed.Secondly,on the basis of the above,a cost-sharing contract is introduced to coordinate the supply chain by establishing a cost-sharing contract among power battery manufacturers,vehicle manufacturers,and retailers to further coordinate the supply chain.The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)The expansion of the scope of government subsidies,the change in consumers’ concept of environmental protection and the improvement of the ladder utilisation rate are all beneficial to the development of power battery manufacturers.The change in the target of government subsidies does not affect the profit distribution ratio of each subject in the supply chain.Therefore,within a certain scope of subsidies,power battery manufacturers can lower the sales price of batteries by increasing the unit cost of subsidies,increase the sales volume of batteries and further enhance the profits of each subject.Power battery manufacturers and retailers should work together to advocate active consumer participation in power battery recycling,raise consumer awareness of environmental protection,and increase consumer preference for environmental protection in order to increase the share of Type 1 power batteries and achieve better economic returns for each enterprise regarding the gradient use of used power batteries.(2)Optimal supply chain benefits and highest power battery recycling rate in a model where the government provides remanufacturing subsidies to power battery manufacturers and recycling subsidy strategies to vehicle manufacturers and retailers.The cost of remanufacturing old power batteries is positively correlated with the profit of each body,and the dismantling and remanufacturing of old power batteries by power battery manufacturers will benefit the supply chain development.Therefore,the power battery manufacturer,as the dominant player,should pay attention to the disparity in the distribution of benefits and take measures to strengthen the communication and cooperation among the three parties,give due consideration to the reasonable demands of vehicle manufacturers and retailers,and focus on long-term interests from the perspective of the overall situation.(3)In terms of coordination of supply chain utility,cost-sharing contracts can improve the utility of manufacturers and retailers and achieve Pareto optimisation.The cost-sharing contract has a great role in promoting the improvement of the recycling rate in the supply chain,and can coordinate the closed-loop supply chain under certain conditions.It is of certain practical value to optimise the allocation of resources within the supply chain.