Research On The Management Of Materials Purchased By State-owned Railways In Modern Times(1928-1937)

Railway materials are the bulk of railway construction and operating expenses.The quality of railway materials purchase not only affects the cost of railway engineering construction and railway operation efficiency,but also affects the long-term development of the railway industry.In the late Qing Dynasty,under the impact of Western forces,the modern Chinese railway industry gradually emerged.Industrial enterprises in Western capitalist countries also regard the supply of railway materials as a benefit,and the purchase of materials is widely included in railway loan contracts and travel contracts.Not only that,creditors have also gradually obtained privileges such as preferential supply of railway materials and withdrawal of commissions for purchasing materials.Under the intervention and control of Western creditor companies and the General Engineering Department,most of the railway materials were purchased from overseas,resulting in the spillover of rights and interests.At the same time,railroad purchases of materials have been plagued by abuses.For this reason,the Ministry of Posts and Communications of the late Qing Dynasty and the Ministry of Communications of the Beiyang Government have carried out corresponding governance work on the problem of railway purchases.The material work has laid a preliminary foundation.During the period of the Nationalist government,in order to manage the disadvantages of the purchase of materials for the state-owned railways,on the basis of the management of materials purchased by the railway authorities in the late Qing Dynasty and the Beiyang period,the railway central agency continued to strengthen the supervision and management of the purchase of materials for the state-owned railways.The Ministry of Railways of the Nationalist Government established a professional material purchasing agency to unify the purchasing power of state-owned railways.Establish a material purchasing audit organization system under the vertical leadership of the Ministry of Railways,and strengthen purchasing material auditing for all state-owned companies.Formulate and promulgate railway materials purchasing regulations,and improve railway materials purchasing procedures.Through a series of measures,the state-owned railway material purchasing management system led by the Ministry of Railways has been established.With the large-scale development of old road consolidation and new road construction,the expenditure for purchasing materials has increased greatly,and the raising of relevant funds is particularly critical.In the early days of the founding of Nanjing National,the problem of debt debt for state-owned railways was already extremely serious.In order to restore the debt credit,the state-owned various departments started the work of sorting out the debt problem.The expected goal of the debt consolidation policy of establishing credit for purchasing materials has been basically achieved,effectively reducing the debt burden of various sectors.The sorting of stateowned railway material debts presents the characteristics of "localization" and differentiation.In order to promote domestic materials and revitalize domestic industries,under the active promotion of the Ministry of Railways,the work of purchasing and using domestic materials has been carried out one after another,and positive results have been achieved.localization process.However,subject to the objective conditions of the weak industrial base in modern China,as well as problems such as insufficient management and production capacity of Chinese businessmen,the production and sales of domestic materials have also been adversely affected.The management of railway materials purchase is not only an important part of railway industry governance,but also an inevitable requirement for railway management to become scientific.The procurement of materials for state-owned railways in Nanjing during the national period reflects the continuous improvement of the governance capacity and management level of China’s modern railway industry,meets the objective requirements of the development of the railway industry,and objectively promotes the development of China’s modern railway industry.