Analysis Of Parking Characteristics And Facility Optimization In Expressway Service Area

With the explosive growth of the social vehicle population,the service level of some expressway service areas is poor.There are some problems such as shortage of parking spaces,serious illegal parking,and management confusion during peak periods,especially holidays.In view of this,taking the Huanglishu expressway service area in Huning expressway as an example,this paper analyzes the parking space-time characteristics of expressway service areas,reasonably calculates the parking scale of service areas,and optimizes the design of the parking space and guidance system,which is helpful to accurately identify parking demand,improve the service level of service areas,and promote the construction of intelligent expressway service areas.Firstly,taking the Huanglishu expressway service area as an example,a spatial visualization model of the parking lot is constructed.From the three different levels of the parking lot,parking zoning and parking space,the spatial and temporal characteristics of parking on holidays and working days are compared and analyzed.The parking characteristics of the parking lot are analyzed by the time-varying curve of the index and the distribution ratio of the parking time.The parking space-time characteristics of the parking zoning are analyzed by using the illegal parking rate,parking time,Moran’s I index,etc.The space demand characteristics of parking spaces are analyzed with the nuclear density map.Secondly,the influencing factors of the parking lot scale in the expressway service area are clarified,and the design parameters of parking spaces under different vehicle types and parking methods are determined.On this basis,based on queuing theory,a calculation model of the parking scale of expressway service areas is established,and the parking scale of different vehicle types is analyzed and calculated by taking the Huanglishu expressway service area as an example.Then,through a reasonable selection of the parking spaces angle,the optimal design of the parking spaces arrangement in the service area is carried out to meet the needs of the parking scale.In addition,for the new energy parking area in the expressway service area,a dynamic queuing model based on time series is constructed by using the real-time charging data of new energy vehicles to simulate the real-time charging process,and comprehensively consider the service level of the charging pile and the user’s queue length,waiting time and other parameters,optimize the configuration of charging piles in the new energy parking area.Finally,for the intelligent parking guidance system in the expressway service area,a CWTOPSIS parking space recommendation model based on the "AHP + entropy weight method" and the shortest path optimization algorithm based on the PRM algorithm are proposed.Through the analysis of parking characteristics,the influencing factors of users’ parking space selection are discussed.To consider the objective attributes of parking spaces and the subjective preferences of users,AHP and the entropy weight method were combined to assign weights,and TOPSIS is used to solve the optimal recommended parking spaces.LSH is used to optimize the PRM algorithm and preset sampling points to accelerate the operation efficiency of the algorithm.The spatial search is further transformed into graph search,and Dijkstra is used to search the shortest path on this basis.It is found that the optimized PRM algorithm has obvious advantages compared with the traditional A* algorithm and PRM algorithm in terms of path search efficiency.