Research On Charging Pricing Strategies For Public Fast Charging Stations

In recent years,energy conservation and environmental protection have become a major topic of global concern,and the electric vehicle industry has entered a stage of high growth.Compared with the booming electric vehicle industry,as the supporting infrastructure of electric vehicles,the public rapid charging pile industry faces the problems of long investment return cycle,weak profitability,low operation level and disorderly competition.Altogether,its development speed of charging piles has lagged behind the sales of electric vehicles,and has become a negative factor preventing the sustainable development of the electric vehicle industry.The traditional feed-in price model does not fully consider the actual changes of electric vehicle users’ charging demand and the off-peak electricity pricing,thus affecting the utilization of charging piles and the profitability of charging stations.According to users’ charging preference,price response characteristics,market competition rules and other factors,setting a reasonable charging price is help to optimize the utilization of equipment,improve the profit of charging stations,relieve the load pressure of power grid,improve user satisfaction,and achieve a win-win situation for power grid,charging stations and users,thus promoting the healthy and sustainable development of industry.From the perspective of improving the profitability of public fast charging stations,this thesis develops the research on time-of-use pricing strategy based on user behavior,real-time pricing strategy based on game theory,and charging pricing decision considering fairness concern.The major research work is as follows:(1)Research on time-of-use pricing strategy based on user behavior.In order to improve the profitability of charging station and the utilization of charging piles,a user demand response model is built considering the changes of user charging demand,and a two-stage price optimization strategy is developed: based on the actual charging information of users in the charging station,k-means dynamic clustering algorithm is used to divide different pricing periods.The profit optimization model is developed according to the characteristics of different periods,and the multi-objective optimization model is constructed considering the trade-off between profit and utilization.The case study shows that compared with the feed-in price,the time-of-use pricing optimization model can effectively improve the utilization of charging piles and the profit of charging station.(2)Research on real-time pricing strategy based on game theory.The utility of charging stations and users in the process of power sales and consumption are analyzed,and the user dissatisfaction cost is introduced into user utility.Considering the competition and game relationship among a charging station, a competitor and users in the process of charging pricing decision,the interactive structure of the three is constructed by the Hotelling competition model and Stackelberg game theory,and the real-time pricing optimization model is established based on the multi-subject game.A two-stage distributed optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the Nash equilibrium solution of the game model.The case study shows that the real-time pricing model has flexibility and obvious optimization effect,which can effectively improve the utility level of the charging station and realize the win-win situation between users and the charging station.(3)Research on charging pricing decision-making considering fairness concern.In a power secondary supply system composed of a power grid,a charging station and a competitive charging station,the profit of competitive charging station and power grid serves as benchmarks respectively.Comparing the decision optimization results under the situation of fairness neutral,the influence of horizontal fairness concern and vertical fairness concern of charging station on different subjects’ pricing decisions,charging demand market share and utility is studied.Case study shows that the horizontal fairness concern behavior of the charging station has a negative effect on the utility of all charging stations.The major contributions of this thesis include:(1)it systematically carries out the charging pricing optimization research for charging stations,by considering user behavior,user satisfaction,charging piles utilization,competition and game relationship between different subjects and fairness concern.(2)From the dimension of full rationality and bounded rationality,adopting optimization decision,multi-objective optimization,game theory and fairness concern,new price optimization models are proposed,and it enriches the corresponding theory.