| Ecological and environmental security in karst areas is a global concern,and the construction of ecological landscape security pattern is a key way to alleviate environmental protection and land development and utilization.Karst areas are affected by karst development and the intervention of human activities,and their landscapes are severely fragmented and poorly connected.According to the requirements of regional development and ecological protection,coordinating the relationship between development and construction and ecological protection,strengthening regional ecological security and stability,and protecting ecological environment are of great significance to urban ecological construction and village planning in karst regions.In order to maintain the stable development of the regional environment and achieve the goal of parallel development of ecological protection and planning construction in karst areas,this paper selects Guanling Autonomous County(hereinafter referred to as"Guanling")in Guizhou Province and its subordinate Fanhua Village as the study area,taking landscape ecology,landscape security,landscape planning and other related theories as the guiding ideology,and analyzes the ecological pattern of typical karst areas from the county and village scales respectively.The ecological pattern of typical karst areas is analyzed at two scales,focusing on the ecological landscape security pattern at the county scale as an important guideline for landscape planning at the village scale,while the landscape analysis at the village scale is refined on the basis of the analysis pattern at the county scale to better maintain the ecological spatial integrity of villages through multi-scale and multi-landscape source identification.In the county-scale study,the thesis uses Arc GIS spatial analysis method to select five influencing factors:land use type,elevation,degree of stone desertification,vegetation cover(NDVI),and slope,to analyze the distribution characteristics of ecosystem service importance and ecological sensitivity in Guanling County at the county scale,and to identify important ecological corridors in Guanling based on gravity model.On the village scale,the thesis selects Fanhua Village,a typical karst village located in the northeastern part of Guanling,as a case study.On the basis of land suitability evaluation of Fanhua Village,the thesis combines the village landscape pattern and landscape source distribution characteristics,and conducts a variety of landscape localization,elements,and spatial locations that are critical for safeguarding the ecological processes and historical and cultural heritage of the village,Based on the evaluation of the suitability of the site in the village,we identify various landscape source sites to ensure the ecological process and historical and cultural heritage of the village,construct a comprehensive landscape safety pattern of Fanhua village,and propose corresponding planning strategies for different safety levels.The following research results were obtained:1.The core area of Guanling landscape security is 784.34 Km~2,accounting for 75.55%of the ecological landscape area,with a wide distribution.The area of high and higher grade connectivity patches in Guanling is 518.26 km~2,accounting for 43.01%of the total area,mainly distributed in the central and eastern part of the study area,and the area of low connectivity patches is 543.21 km~2,accounting for 37.09%of the total area,with medium and low patches mainly distributed in the southern part of the study area and accounting for a larger proportion,which shows that the landscape of Guanling is seriously fragmented and poorly connected.2.From the distribution characteristics of landscape security pattern,the high resistance area of Guanling is mainly distributed in the north,central and south,and the patches in this area are more fragmented and the landscape connectivity is poor.The low resistance areas are mainly distributed in the western and southern fringes,where the landscape connectivity is relatively good and mainly consists of woodland and grassland.In terms of distribution area,the southwest area of Guanling has less distribution,while the central,western and eastern areas have more distribution.In terms of landscape components,the source sites are mainly woodlands,waters,and grasslands,while the ecological values of construction land and bare land are relatively low and mostly non-source sites.The distribution of ecological source sites is fragmented,with many fine patches in the region,poor connectivity and high landscape fragmentation,which is very unfavorable for species dispersal.3.From the village scale,based on the study of the distribution of landscape safety pattern in Fanhua village,it is concluded that the high-grade area of village landscape safety pattern mainly includes woodland,paddy field,river,and buildings with historical value in the village;the middle-grade area of landscape safety pattern mainly includes some grassland,garden land and some buildings with visual value in the village;the low-grade area of landscape safety pattern mainly includes bare land and unused land,etc.The environmental carrying capacity of this area is higher.4.Based on the comprehensive landscape security pattern guidelines,the landscape in the low-security level area adopts the principle of protection and landscape patching;the medium-security area uses native plants to appropriately increase the transformation;the high-security level area is reasonably developed and constructed according to the needs of villagers to build a rural landscape that meets both ecological security and highlights the characteristics of Fanhua Village.Combined with ecology-related theories and based on the guidelines of landscape safety pattern analysis,the corresponding strategies are proposed for village planning,which is beneficial to the construction of rural ecological civilization and has positive significance to the environmental protection of karst region. |
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