Research On The Characteristics And Protection Of Beijing’s Water Cultural Heritages Based On GIS

The development of major cities around the world has relied on the construction of engineering systems for water supply,irrigation,sewage,flood control,and navigation,thus creating a rich water-related heritage.As significant physical carriers of hydraulic science and technology,water cultural heritage(WCH)structures might exert positive effects on the economy,society,and environment.In recent years,with the increasing prominence of water resources and water ecology issues,the value of water and heritage has received widespread attention internationally.The Ministry of Water Resources of the People’ s Republic of China conducted a nationwide census and mapping of WCH,which included thousands of heritage sites,among which Beijing’s heritage is very rich and representative.However,it is challenging to develop a scientific conservation plan due to the lack of comprehensive cognition and value assessment criteria for the vast majority of WCH structures.This study focused on Beijing’s water cultural heritage,combed its development history and characteristics at the municipal level,and established a development suitability assessment system by constructing a GIS database to explore the conservation frameworks and strategies.In this study,the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and geographic information systems(GIS)were introduced to develop a multidimensional evaluation system for WCH in Beijing based on the suitability perspective.Firstly,each heritage was rated from five aspects,such as the degree of preservation,construction age,functional survival,building materials,and water environment preservation,and the final score was obtained by weighted stacking.They were classified into four levels: core heritage,important heritage,common heritage,and minor heritage.Secondly,the heritage gathering space was derived through the nuclear density analysis in GIS spatial analysis.Finally,the environment of water environment,land use type,elevation and slope where the heritage located was quantified by the minimum resistance model,so as to classify the Beijing city area into five types,such as high suitable area,medium-high suitable area,medium suitable area,low suitable area and unsuitable area.(i)The findings indicated that there are significant differences in values among the nine heritage categories,and royal gardens and rivers were suggested for greater emphasis on protection.(ii)Besides,the distribution of WCH structures is clustered,which can be categorized into four distinct agglomerative zones.(iii)Most of the heritage sites are found on built-up land with low elevation and gentle slopes,resulting in high environmental suitability.(iv)The degree of preservation of heritages were significantly positively correlated with their function and the degree of preservation of surrounding water bodies.Lastly,we proposed a framework for conservation with “one center,two wings,one area,and a multi-node” to facilitate the development of effective policies by decisionmakers.However,the current knowledge is not comprehensive enough due to the late development of theories.The management measures are relatively lacking,resulting in a lot of damage to the heritage.In order to promote the subsequent conservation work,this study proposes methods such as establishing a GIS heritage information collection and management database,developing a detailed value assessment system,constructing heritage corridors,establishing a dynamic early warning mechanism,and a 3D point cloud scanning model library.Finally,through in-depth heritage excavation in Daxing District,the WCH system with Nanhaizi and Yongding River as the main carriers was clarified.The specific path of a second census and the establishment of GIS heritage database were explored.The suitability analysis and conservation planning were constructed on this basis,and the framework of "one axis,two belts,five cores,and multiple nodes" was proposed.It was emphasized that the protection of the heritage body should be strengthened and landmarks should be restored;a virtual museum was established based on the point cloud model to promote the inheritance and promotion of water culture.Additionally,a study on the construction of the Fenghe heritage corridor was conducted,including four components such as the corridor theme,blue-green system,landscape nodes,and the support system,to promote the overall regional protection of linear water cultural heritage.