Spatial-Temporal Pattern Evolution Characteristics And Driving Factors Of Rural Settlements In Tonghua County,Jilin Province

The year 2022 is a key year for the implementation of the 14 th Five-Year Plan and an important period for accelerating the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization.In the context of national strategic planning,the study of the dynamic change law of rural residential areas and the evolution characteristics and driving factors of the spatial pattern of rural residential areas is conducive to the rational arrangement of agricultural and rural land use.It can improve the living environment of rural areas,strengthen the construction of rural infrastructure and social public services,which has important significance for the steady development of rural regional construction.With the acceleration of urbanization and new rural construction,the spatial layout of traditional rural settlements has been confronted with great challenges.The contradiction between man and land is increasingly intensified,and the standardization of land use is poor and the utilization efficiency is low.The study on the evolution characteristics and driving factors of rural residential spatial pattern can solve the scattered,disorganized and empty phenomena of traditional rural land to a certain extent,and provide scientific guidance and basis for inefficient land utilization and other problems.This paper takes Tonghua County as the research area,takes the spatiotemporal dynamic changes of rural settlements as the research object,selects the vector data of land use change survey in Tonghua County in 2009,2014 and 2019,combines the elevation data and statistical yearbook data,and uses the methods of Arc GIS spatial analysis and mathematical statistics to conduct a comprehensive and multi-level study on the spatiotemporal pattern evolution characteristics of rural settlements in Tonghua County from 2009 to 2019.Finally,this paper selects four aspects of nature,location,economy and policy to conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis of the factors affecting the spatial change of rural settlements.The research conclusions are as follows:1.Analysis of spatial characteristics of rural settlementsDuring the research period,the rural settlements in Tonghua County,Jilin Province have a significant spatial structure and belong to the spatial agglomeration distribution mode.Using GIS spatial analysis tool and landscape index analysis method,the spatial and temporal pattern evolution of rural settlements in Tonghua County was analyzed and discussed based on the spatial change characteristics of rural settlement number,scale,density and landscape pattern.The results show that,During the study period,the number of rural settlements in Tonghua County showed an increasing trend,with a growth rate of 20.18%,accompanied by obvious regional differences.From the perspective of scale ckhange,the rural residential land scale and per capita land area in Tonghua County showed an increasing trend,and the regional differences of residential areas were significant.From the perspective of the density of rural settlements,the rural settlements in Tonghua County are mainly distributed in the central area with rapid economic development,infrastructure and good traffic conditions,while the sparse areas are distributed in the economically underdeveloped areas with large terrain fluctuations or far away from water sources.2.Driving factor analysisThe spatio-temporal pattern of rural settlements in Tonghua County is affected by natural factors,location factors,social and economic factors and national policy factors.The study found that more than 60 percent of rural settlements are distributed in the grade areas with the flattest elevations.More than 68 percent of rural settlements are located in the most gentle grade of slope.Geographical conditions such as water source distribution road distribution and administrative residence also have an important impact on the evolution of spatial and temporal pattern of rural settlements.Economic and social factors are stable forces for the development of rural residential areas,and their influences on all aspects of the evolution of the spatial and temporal pattern of rural residential areas and the surrounding environment are complex,among which the total population and per capita cultivated land area are all factors affecting the evolution of rural residential areas.The influence of general land use planning,permanent basic farmland protection policy and other policy factors on the evolution of the spatial and temporal pattern of rural settlements should not be ignored.