Competitiveness Evaluation And Influencing Factors Analysis Of Domestic Large Airports

Airport is the window and bridge of communication and cooperation between the country or region and the outside world,as well as an important carrier of regional economic cooperation and competition,and has become an important driving force for urban economic development.As an important node of the global aviation network,large airports have become important strategic resources for cities to participate in global competition and cooperation.Modern national comprehensive airport system has been basically established in our country,but there are still unbalanced spatial distribution,unreasonable hierarchical structure,low operational security efficiency,hinterland economic layout and air service pattern need to be further matched,etc.The evaluation and influence factors of airport competitiveness has enlightenment for lowcompetitiveness airport to improve its own comprehensive ability.This thesis makes a series of in-depth studies on the evaluation and influencing factors of the competitiveness of domestic large airports.Firstly,the competitiveness of domestic large airports is evaluated and classified.An evaluation index system including 5 dimensions and 18 indicators was constructed.The entropy weight TOPSIS method was used to evaluate 39 domestic large airports based on the data of normal operation in 2019 before the COVID-19 outbreak.Meanwhile,the competitiveness index of domestic large airports after the COVID-19 outbreak was calculated and its specific changes were studied.Pre-pandemic data were used to classify these airports into different tiers through cluster analysis.The results show that in the evaluation index system of airport competitiveness,operation scale and facility construction are more important to determine airport competitiveness,followed by geographical conditions,service quality and connectivity.The competitiveness index of the domestic large airports has significant anisotropic characteristics,and the competitiveness index of the highly competitive airports is significantly better than other airports in all aspects,and the competitiveness index of most airports is distributed between 0.04 and 0.2.The competitiveness of the eastern airports is obviously better than that of the central and western airports,and the spatial distribution map of the competitiveness index shows that the east is strong and the west is weak,and the south is weak and the north is weak.Domestic four world-class airport clusters of highly competitive airports.In the past three years,the competitiveness of the airport decreases first and then increases.In 2021,the competitiveness of the airport will have a certain distance to recover to the state before the epidemic.From the perspective of the ranking,the overall change is not big,and the impact of the epidemic on the airport is relatively average.The clustering analysis found that the ranking of airport competitiveness index in 2019 was basically consistent with that of the calculated index,and airport competitiveness gradually decreased with the change of levels.Secondly,the thesis analyzes the configuration of the factors affecting the competitiveness of domestic large airports.Taking the competitiveness index of large domestic airports in 2019 as the dependent variable,five related factors including hinterland economic development,openness to the outside world,location policy,transport infrastructure investment and transport accessibility were selected,and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA)was used to explore the conditional configuration of high and non-high airport competitiveness.The configuration of the result is analyzed in detail.The results show that airport competitiveness is the result of interaction of internal and external factors.A single factor is not enough to produce high airport competitiveness.Three configurations constitute the driving path of high airport competitiveness.They are respectively open and investment-driven under the binary logic of industry and hub,location-policy-driven by transportation under the industry-led logic,and transport-driven under the low-investment situation under the industry-led logic.For the competitiveness of non-high airport,non-high location policy is a necessary condition.The two configurations that produce results all take the economic development of nonhigh hinterland,non-high location policy and non-high traffic accessibility as the core conditions.Finally,the difference and trend of the factors influencing the competitiveness of domestic large airports are tested.The non-parametric method of Kruskal-Wallis test and Jonckheere-Terpstra test is used to study the difference and tendency of different influencing factors on airport competitiveness,and the qualitative comparison analysis results of fuzzy set are supplemented and confirmed.The results show that hinterland economic development,openness to the outside world,location policies and transportation accessibility have a significant impact on airport competitiveness,while transport infrastructure investment has no significant difference on airport competitiveness,which is highly consistent with the conclusion of fsQCA research.The trend test of the factors with significant differences shows that the different categories of factors have a significant trend to the competitiveness of airports and show an increasing trend.The policy inspirations for achieving high airport competitiveness include strengthening facility construction and improving carrying capacity based on the airport interior;Expand operation scale and improve operation efficiency;Strengthen strategic cooperation and enhance radiation capacity;Improve service quality and promote passenger satisfaction.In terms of government policies,it is necessary to choose policy paths according to local conditions.Strengthen the function of the hub and expand the economic hinterland.