Study On Evacuation Of Fire Emergency In Subway Public Area

With the continuous development of society,the subway has gradually become the main method of transportation chosen by urban residents.However,the rapid development of urban rail transit is also accompanied by the frequent occurrence of subway accidents.The subway constructions are placed underground with a narrow architectural space as well as relatively closed interior,so there are fewer escape exits available for personnel.In addition,in recent years,subway fire accidents have been increasing.When a fire breaks out in the subway public area,the spread of fire smoke and psychological factors in the process of escape will exert an effect on the escape of subway passengers.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct research on the smoke movement pattern and evacuation of people in case of sudden fire in the public area of subway stations.There are many researches on subway fire,most of which use traditional fire simulation software to conduct modeling and simulation directly.However,the models constructed by traditional fire simulation software are not sufficiently precise,and the relevant information of the building cannot be integrated.At the same time,the experimental results obtained through its simulation are often not accurate enough and prone to errors.Therefore,the integration of BIM technology and traditional fire simulation software can make up for the deficiency,which makes the fire simulation results more accurate.In this paper,a 3D model of the subway station through BIM technology is constructed by taking a certain subway station as the research object,and the completed 3D model is imported into Pyrosim to simulate three kinds of working conditions of sudden fire in the public area of the subway station.Meanwhile,the impact of smoke diffusion on the escape of people is analyzed.It is found that the subway platform level smoke exhaust system could not meet the normal escape of people in case of sudden fire,so the improvement measures of introducing tunnel smoke exhaust system are proposed,and the effectiveness of the improvement measures was verified by simulation.The BIM technology and Pathfinder software are integrated to simulate the evacuation of personnel in case of fire,and the escape time of personnel under three working conditions of subway sudden fire is obtained,which also verifies the necessity of introducing a tunnel smoke extraction system,which can ensure the safe escape of subway personnel.Finally,a subway fire simulation platform is built in this paper to facilitate emergency management in subway stations.