Study On The Improvement Of Urban Integrated Park Landscape Space Based On The Behavioralactivities Of The Elderly

With the deepening of population aging in China,urban parks,as places frequently visited by the elderly in their daily lives,are a hot issue at this stage.At present,the research related to the aging-friendly construction of urban park landscape space is not perfect,and the existing urban park construction ignores the outdoor healthy life of the elderly groups,and lacks to provide the elderly with an outdoor activity place that is beneficial to their physical and mental health.In order to improve the aging-friendly construction of urban parks,promote the construction of a livable environment for the elderly in China and build an elderly-friendly society,this study analyzes the physiological and psychological characteristics of the elderly and the needs of the elderly for urban parks from the perspective of the elderly,and further analyzes Zhongshan Park,Cankou Park,Licun Park,Ceshui Mountain Park,Beiling Mountain Park,Haipo River Park,Loushan Park,and the park with a high number of elderly users in Qingdao.We also conducted a detailed study on the current situation of the sample parks,the spatial elements of the sample parks,the current situation of elderly people’s use and the characteristics of elderly people’s behaviors and activities in the nine city parks,namely Zhongshan Park,Cankou Park,Licun Park,Cushui Mountain Park,Beiling Mountain Park,Haipohe Park,Loushan Park,Century Park and Dongshan Park.The study of the behavioral activity characteristics of the elderly in the sample parks revealed that the surveyed elderly were mainly citizens of the surrounding area(56.4%),with a balanced ratio of men and women,and most of them had a positive evaluation of their health,while only a few of them were more negative.The temporal changes of the behavioral activities of the elderly were more or less the same,showing a wave-shaped trend and peaking at 9～10 and 18～19 o’clock,with more people in the morning than in the afternoon.The spatial distribution characteristics of elderly behavioral activities have certain distribution patterns in square-type space,shade type space,sports type space,architectural type space,and waterfront type space,respectively.The behavioral activities of the elderly in all types of spaces in urban parks are mainly leisure and relaxation.There was a significant positive correlation between physical health and sports and fitness behavioral activities of the elderly(r=0.145,p<0.01),and a significant positive correlation between mental health and cultural and recreational behavioral activities of the elderly(r=0.102,p<0.01).By constructing a structural equation model of the relationship between elderly behavioral activities and spatial environment,we found that the characteristics of elderly behavioral activities in urban parks are closely related to the landscape space,and elderly behavioral activities are mainly influenced by six aspects of urban park spatial environment: spatial elements,physical elements,traffic environment,green environment,supporting facilities and human environment,among which traffic environment has the greatest influence on elderly behavioral activities(β=0).The traffic environment has the greatest influence on the behavioral activities of the elderly(β=0.495),followed by spatial elements(β=0.35),physical elements(β=0.295),humanistic environment(β=0.295),green environment(β=0.271)and supporting facilities(β=0.255).According to the structural equation model of the relationship between the behavioral activities of the elderly and the spatial environment combined with the spatial distribution characteristics of the behavioral activities of the elderly in each type of spatial environment the influence of different types of spatial environment on the behavioral activities of the elderly in urban parks was specifically analyzed.The most influential factor on the behavioral activities of the elderly in the plaza,green,sports and waterfront spaces is the traffic environment,and the most influential factor on the behavioral activities of the elderly in the architectural space is the human environment.The results of the analysis were combined with the data on the behavioral activities of the elderly and the results of the analysis of six aspects of the spatial environment,physical elements,traffic environment,green environment,supporting facilities and human environment of urban parks to propose specific optimization strategies for each type of park spatial environment.In addition,the two sample spaces DS-L-22(4.237)and DS-G-18(4.253),which have the lowest scores among the 68 sample spaces in the nine parks,were optimized and improved.To address the existing problems of the shaded space DS-L-22,on the basis of maintaining the original layout of the space,the safety of the pavement in the space was changed to add barrier-free access,resting facilities,convenient hangers,landscape street lights and sanitary facilities,and to enrich the planting structure.Unlike the green space,the square space DS-G-18 is divided into dynamic and static activity areas on the basis of the original space,and improves the safety of the pavement,increases the resting facilities,optimizes the signage system,and optimizes and improves the lighting facilities according to the dynamic and static partition.This is of positive practical significance to improve the aging-friendly construction of urban parks,promote the construction of a livable environment for the elderly in China and build an elderly-friendly society.