| With the advancement of urbanization in China,the core value of urban renewal has begun to change from "object-centered to people-centered".The historic district is an important "stock" of the city bearing historical memory,humanistic spirit and production and living functions,a living heritage with time continuity,and one of the main contents of urban renewal.The spatial environment of historic district is closely related to its social attributes,and the tendency and demand of multiple subjects for spatial environment experience are diversified.Therefore,it is important to enhance the spatial environment experience of historic districts by optimizing the perception of subjects.This paper systematically explores and studies the evaluation of spatial environment perception in historic districts from a multi-subject perspective,taking the historic districts of Qingdao as the research object.First,using the grounded theory method,we conducted semi-open-ended interviews with professional groups such as architecture and planning and non-professional groups such as residents and tourists,and constructed a spatial environment perception evaluation system for historic districts consisting of three core categories and ten main categories,including physical features of the districts,perception of the spatial design qualities and individual reactions to the spatial environment,and found that the differences in perception evaluation between professional and non-professional groups are mainly reflected in the following aspects:spatial layout and service facilities in physical features,spatial characteristics and spatial perception in the spatial design qualities,and emotional and behavioral results in individual reactions.Then,based on the neighborhood morphology,dominant functions and spatial texture,Qingdao’s historic districts were divided into four categories,and on the basis of the perception evaluation system established in the previous stage,the current situation evaluation of the perceptual elements of the spatial environment of the historic districts was investigated through field structure questionnaires,and at the level of physical feature,the Kano model was used to analyze the importance of the physical environment elements of each type of historic districts,and ANOVA and mean value analysis were used to analyze the current satisfaction of the physical environment elements of each type of historic districts.At the level of spatial design quality,principal component analysis was applied to derive three main components of historic neighborhood quality: aesthetic quality,sense of place and local attachment,among which the sense of local attachment had the highest importance,aesthetic quality had the lowest importance,satisfaction ratings of neighborhood aesthetic quality were generally high,and satisfaction ratings of local attachment indicators were generally low;at the level of individual reaction,one-way ANOVA was applied to analyze the evaluation and differences of subject responses in each type of historic neighborhood,and according to Pearson correlation analysis,it was concluded that physical features,spatial characteristics,and individual emotional and behavioral reaction all showed positive correlations of different degrees.Finally,based on the above research results,the spatial environment optimization strategies for historic districts based on subject perception are proposed;at the level of subject perception needs,the physical functions of the district are enhanced,the quality identity of the district is strengthened,and the motivation of subject needs is created;at the level of different subjects,professional groups strengthen their attention to emotional needs by creating narrative contexts,and non-professional groups strengthen their participation in the renewal practice of the district through multiple ways;and the spatial environment optimization strategies for different types of historic districts based on the results of perception evaluation.In summary,this paper systematically explores and discusses the perceptual evaluation of the spatial environment of historic districts from the perspective of multiple subjects,in order to provide a new perspective for the research and design of the conservation and renewal of historic districts,as well as to provide a reliable theoretical basis for the creation of a good spatial environment of historic districts. |
