| The breeding scale of broilers in China and the consumption level of chicken products are among the highest in the world.Under the policy of anti-resistance,how to ensure the healthy growth of broilers and improve economic efficiency,to provide consumers with green,healthy and high-quality chicken has become Important issues in the aquaculture industry.Essential oils is a green and natural antibiotic substitute.It is safe and efficient,rich in bioactive substances,and has good effects in improving the growth performance and meat quality of broilers,antibacterial and antiinflammatory,anti-oxidation,and improving immunity.So it has become one of the most important alternative products at present.However,the composition of essential oils is complex,the processing technology is also different,and the stability of the products varies greatly.Therefore,this research takes yellow-feather broilers as the research object,discusses the effects of essential oils(hot spray microcapsule process,cold spray microcapsule process)with different coating processes on the growth performance and intestinal development of yellow-feather broilers,and evaluates the effects of different coating processes on essential oils and its substitution effects,to provide a theoretical basis for the application of essential oils in animal production.55-day-old yellow-feather broilers were selected for group experiment: the first group was the control group(basic diet containing 5 mg/kg enramycin),and the second to fifth groups were the treatment groups 1 to 4,respectively.Use 200 mg/kg of cold spray process essential oils and 400,200,100 mg/kg of hot spray process essential oils to replace the 5 mg/kg enramycin of basic diet(ie groups of cold spray 200,hot spray400,hot spray 200,hot spray 100),5 repetitions in each group and 11 broilers in each replicate.7 days pre-feeding,55 days in the formal test period.After the test,weighed and calculated the growth performance-related indicators.Slaughtered 10 chickens in each group with similar average body weight to measure slaughter performance and meat quality;and separate serum for the determination of serum biochemical indexes,at the same time taked intestinal samples for determination of relevant indicators of intestinal development.The research found that:1.Compared with the control group,there was no significant difference in the growth performance of yellow-feather broilers in each essential oils treatment group(P≥0.05).The dose research found that the effects of hot sprayed essential oils on broilers performance(final weight,average daily weight gain,average daily feed intake)showed a certain dose gradient effects(P≥0.05).Group of hot spray 400 reached the level of antibiotics group(P≥0.05);research on different coating processes found that there was no significant difference in growth performance between the broilers on group of cold spray 200 and hot spray 200(P≥0.05).In addition,the death rate of broilers in the hot spray 200 group reached the same level as that in the antibiotic group(which was 49.9% lower than that in the cold spray 200 group,and 33.2% lower than the hot spray 400 and hot spray 100 groups)(P≥0.05).2.Compared with the control group,there was no significant difference in the slaughter performance and the quality of breast muscles and leg muscles of broilers in each essentials oil treatment groups(P≥0.05).The dosage research found that the abdominal fat rate of the hot spray 400 group was significantly higher than that of the hot spray 100 group(P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference in other indicators at different doses(P ≥ 0.05);There was no significant difference in slaughter performance and quality of breast muscles and leg muscles between hot spray 200 group and cold spray 200 group(P≥0.05).3.The measurement results of the height of intestine villi and crypt depth showed that the villi height of duodenal in broilers of hot spray 200 group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference between the other groups(P≥0.05).The effects of hot sprayed essential oils on the development of jejunum villi in broilers was more obvious: compared with the control group,the ratio of the villi height and crypt depth of jejunal(V/C value)in each hot spray group was significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the villi height of jejunum was significantly increased in the hot spray 400 group(P＜0.05),the crypt depth was significantly decreased in the hot spray 100 group(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the development of jejunal villi in the cold spray 200 group broilers was not significantly different(P≥0.05).In addition,the effects of essential oils on promoting the development of broiler ileal villi was more obvious: among them,the ileal villi height and V/C value of broilers in each essential oils treatment group were significantly higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05),and the crypt depth on hot spray 400 group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05).Researched of different coating processes found that compared with the cold spray 200 group,the jejunal villi height and V/C value of the hot spray 200 group and the hot spray 400 group were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the crypt depth was significantly reduced(P＜0.05).The measurement results of goblet cells in intestine showed that compared with the control group,the number of goblet cells in the duodenum of broilers in the cold spray 200 group was significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the number of ileal goblet cells in the hot spray 400 and hot spray 200 groups significant increase(P＜0.05).In addition,the number of ileal goblet cells in the hot spray 200 group was significantly higher than that in the cold spray 200 group(P＜0.05).It can be seen that,compared with the control group,the addition of 200 mg/kg cold spray and 100,200,400 mg/kg hot spray essential oils in the diet to replace antibiotics will not reduce the growth performance,slaughter performance,and breast and leg muscle quality of broilers,achieve the same effects as the antibiotic group.The hot sprayed essential oils can also promote the development of broilers jejunum and ileum villi and increase the number of ileal goblet cells to some extent. |
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