| China is the largest producer of kiwi fruit in the world.However,due to the low level of production management of kiwi peach orchard,especially the unscientific fertilization link,the kiwi fruit yield per unit area is low.At present,there are two main problems of fertilization in China’s macaque peach orchard.One is that the environment of the orchard is closed,and the fertilization machinery is easy to cause the damage of the branches and vines of the kiwi fruit,which greatly increases the difficulty of the design of fertilization machinery.Second,improper fertilization proportion,less organic fertilizer input,and fertilization is too deep,is not conducive to the growth of kiwifruit root.In view of the above problems,this study carried out the development of organic fertilizer fertilizer application machine for macaque peach orchard,and realized the mechanized operation of the shallow layer mixed application of organic fertilizer for macaque peach orchard.The main research results are as follows:(1)The overall design of organic fertilizer fertilizer application machine for Rhesus Monkey Peach Garden.In this study,the whole machine of organic fertilizer fertilizer applicator in macaque peach orchard mainly includes low type fertilizer fertilizer truck,exterior structure of anti-hanging branch car body,fertilizer discharging device of truck box,fertilizer dumping device of tail,fertilizer-soil mixing device,etc.In this paper,on the basis of the investigation of kiwi orchard,taking into account the adaptability of closed orchard such as jujube orchard,vineyard,determine the low tractor traction fertilization vehicle scheme,selected scraper type fertilizer device and conveyor belt type fertilizer device scheme.(2)Study on the exterior structure design of anti hanging branch fertilizer applying machine body and the contact damage characteristics of branches and rattan.A discrete element model of kiwi branches and canes was established by extracting the typical surface features of the operating machine,including three structures of edges and corners,arcs and cylinders.The contact damage characteristics of canes and canes were studied based on EDEM software.The results show that the appearance characteristics of the car body,the speed,the contact height between the car body and the branch and the length of the free section of the branch and the vine have a common influence on the damage rate of the car body to the branch,which is shown as follows:When the vehicle speed is 3 km/h,the contact height between the vehicle body and the branches and canes is 300 mm,and the length of the free section of the branches and canes is 700 mm,the cylinder structure should be installed tilting to reduce the damage of the vehicle body to the branches and canes,and the reasonable Angle of the angular surface should be more than 120° and the radius of the arc should be more than 60 mm.When the contact height between the vehicle body and the branches and rattan is 350 mm and the free section length of the branches and rattan is 700 mm,the reasonable speed of the circular arc structure is less than 3 km/h,and the speed of the angular structure is less than 2 km/h.Under the operating parameters,the damage rate of the branches and rattan is less than 20%.(3)Design of fertilizer mixer.Based on shallow mixed organic fertilizer process,this paper puts forward that 0 ～ 15 cm of shallow "pyramid" mixed fertilizer and the surface is not leaking fertilizer fertilization technical requirements,the discrete element method is vertical,vertical spiral blade,horizontal rotary knife roller three mixed fertilizer scheme comparison,the results show that horizontal rotary knife roller fat mixers can better meet the shallow mixed organic fertilizer process.For the horizontal rotary tillage knife roller fertilizer mixer,the structure of rotary tillage knife and the operating parameters of the fertilizer mixer were optimized to achieve the effect of no fertilizer leakage on the surface layer and the "pyramid" fertilizer distribution in the fertilizer layer.The discrete element single factor simulation results showed that the suitable speed ratio of the cutter,the inclination Angle of the cutter teeth and the thickness of the cutter teeth were 20～30,13～21° and 2～4 mm,respectively.The orthogonal test of the fertilizer mixer showed that the determination coefficient R2 of the fertilizer leakage rate model was 0.9211,and the reliability of the fitting equation was high.The determination coefficient R2 of the fertilizer mixture coefficient model was 0.8867,and the fitting equation was reliable.The optimal combination of the three parameters of the cutter speed ratio,the installation Angle of the cutter tooth and the thickness of the cutter tooth with the fertilizer mixing coefficient of 0.91 was 32 °,21° and 4 mm,and the corresponding optimal fertilizer leakage rate was 0.38.(4)Development and test of the whole machine.After the completion of the design of the structure and parts of the fertilizer machine,the processing and debugging of the organic fertilizer fertilizer machine will be carried out according to the design requirements of the various components of the fertilizer machine.Rhesus monkey peach orchard organic fertilizer fertilizer application machine discharge performance test,fertilizer application machine structure and branches and cane contact damage test and fertilizer mixing performance test were carried out respectively.The results show that the minimum and maximum throwing distance of the fertilizer applicator are 20 cm and 120 cm,respectively,and the rotation speeds of the corresponding fertilizer disposal device are 300 r/min and 400 r/min,respectively.The compactness of fertilizer in the truck and box remains stable after the maximum compactness is reached by vibration during transportation.The uniformity test of fertilizer discharging showed that the fertilizer discharging device of fertilizing truck and fertilizing device had good uniformity of fertilizer discharging,and the standard deviation was 0.039.There was no problem of accumulation of fertilizer and blockage.The reasonable contact height between the vehicle body and the branches and rattan should be less than 500 mm,and the length of the free section of the branches and rattan should be more than 700 mm.The contact force of the fertilizer fertilizer vehicle developed in this paper is 50% of the contact force of the external surface structure without the hanging branches,and the reasonable operating speed is less than2 km/h.The results of the mixed fertilizer performance test showed that with the increase of the cutter speed ratio,the surface fertilizer leakage rate all increased first and then decreased,and the mixed fertilizer coefficient had a trend of decreasing gradually.With the increase of fertilizer discharging speed,surface fertilizer leakage rate and fertilizer mixing coefficient both increased firstly and then decreased.The optimal combination of cutter speed ratio and fertilizer discharging speed was 20 kg/m and 6 kg/m,the optimal fertilizer leakage rate was1.8%,and the optimal fertilizer mixing coefficient was about 0.75. |
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