Research On Sustainable Livelihood Evaluation And Influencing Factors Of Fishermen Retreating Fishing In The Yangtze River Basin

Starting from January 1,2020,the Yangtze River Basin will temporarily implement a ten-year ban on fishing.Fishing is a means of livelihood for fishermen in the Yangtze River Basin.After the fishing ban,how should fishermen go,how to maintain the stability of the ban and retreat,and how fishermen no longer "return to catch" are important issues of common concern to all sectors of society.The ownership of livelihood capital has an important influence on the choice of livelihood strategy,and livelihood strategy directly affects income.Therefore,only the income from the new livelihood strategy of the fishermen withdrawing from catching can meet their survival needs,and the possibility of "returning" can be eliminated from the root,so that the stability of the ban on catching and returning from catching can be ensured.This paper evaluates the livelihoods of fishermen who retreat along the shore of Poyang Lake and obtains an evaluation index of 0.373.On the whole,the livelihood level of the fishermen withdrawing fishing is at a low level.The food and clothing problem can still be solved at present,but the livelihood status has not reached a good level.Among them,the natural capital score of the fishermen withdrawing fishing is the lowest among the five subsistence capital,with a score of 0.009;the physical capital score is the highest with a score of 0.590;the financial capital score is 0.266,which is at a relatively low level,indicating that the financial capital owned by the fishermen withdrawing fishing is difficult.Meet their needs for diversified livelihood strategies;human capital score is0.541,ranking second among the five types of capital;overall social capital score is 0.436,which is relatively high,indicating that fishermen’s social relationships are relatively simple,and their relatives and friends are mostly concentrated in the village or The nearby fishing villages are closely related to each other.Based on the above analysis,this paper divides the current livelihood strategies of the fishermen withdrawing fishing into four types: farming,working,self-employment and unemployed.By constructing a binary logistic regression model to analyze the factors that affect the choice of fishermen’s livelihood strategies,the The following conclusions are drawn:(1)Agricultural livelihood strategy: Material capital is negatively correlated with the agricultural livelihood strategy chosen by the fishermen withdrawing fishing,and human capital has a positive effect on the fishing livelihood strategy chosen by the fishermen withdrawing fishing.(2)Work-type livelihood strategy: Material capital and human capital are significantly affected by material capital and human capital when fishermen choose work-type livelihood strategies for retiring fishermen,and both are positively correlated with fishermen’s choice of work-type livelihood strategies.(3)Selfemployed livelihood strategies: Social capital plays a positive role in promoting the choice of self-employed livelihood strategies,and financial capital is positively correlated with fishermen’s choice of self-employed livelihood strategies.Physical capital has a positive effect on the choice of self-employed livelihood strategies.The choices are negatively correlated.(4)Unemployed livelihood strategy: The five types of livelihood capital all have a negative correlation with the unemployed livelihood strategy.At the same time,through the construction of a multivariate Logistic regression model to analyze the influencing factors of the conversion between different livelihood strategies,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)The transformation of unemployed livelihood strategies to farming livelihood strategies: human capital’s transformation of unemployed livelihood strategies to farming livelihoods The strategy has a positive effect,and the other four types of capital have no significant impact on the transition from the unemployed livelihood strategy to the farming livelihood strategy.It is worth discussing that material capital has a negative effect on the transformation from the unemployed type to the farming type.This may be due to the excessively extensive assistance methods in the early poverty alleviation process,and the focus is only on giving money,which led to the withdrawal of some files and cards.Fishermen have lost the enthusiasm to get rich through their own efforts,and they are more serious about waiting.This is not conducive to the consolidation of the current poverty alleviation results,and it is also one of the reasons for the greater resistance in the implementation of the ban on arrest and retreat.(2)Transformation of unemployed livelihood strategies to employment-based livelihood strategies: physical capital and human capital have a positive correlation with the transition from unemployed to employment-based livelihoods of the fishermen.The increase or decrease in material capital and human capital will also lead to successful conversion.The probability of changes in the same direction.(3)Transformation of unemployed livelihood strategies to independent entrepreneurial livelihood strategies:Financial capital and social capital have played a positive role in promoting the transition from unemployed livelihood strategies to independent entrepreneurial livelihood strategies.Financial capital can provide early-stage start-up funds for retreating fishermen to realize their own entrepreneurship,which is the most important foundation and support for realizing entrepreneurial success,while social capital can provide more market information and network resources for realizing independent entrepreneurship,and help retreating fishermen to find accurately Market demand points provide guidance for independent entrepreneurial choices.Based on the above analysis results and the situation learned from the field investigation,the following suggestions are put forward to improve the livelihood of the fishermen who retreat from fishing:(1)Change the fishermen’s thinking and concepts.(2)Explore diversified livelihood strategies and promote livelihood transformation:(1)Strengthen the pertinence and effectiveness of employment training,improve human capital,and promote the transformation of unemployed livelihood strategies to farming strategies;(2)Improve employment and life security services,and improve material capital Owning the situation,promote the transformation of the unemployed livelihood strategy to the employment strategy;(3)Establish the fishermen employment cooperation organization,increase social capital,improve the financial capital situation,raise funds through multiple channels,and promote the transformation of the unemployed livelihood strategy to an independent entrepreneurial strategy.(3)Adhere to classification guidance.(4)Effectively connect the transformation of fishermen’s livelihoods with the consolidation of poverty alleviation and the promotion of rural revitalization.