| In order to explore the high-efficiency cultivation mode of three crops in a year in plastic greenhouse in Ningxia,the growth characteristics,yield and benefit of three crops of vegetables,i.e.,overwintering leaf vegetables(spinach,rape and moss),spring melon vegetables(Zizania caduciflora,QQ melon and cucumber)and autumn fruit vegetables(tomato:Fendeli,Aofeng and Fenying),were sampled,measured,analyzed and compared,and the economic benefits of different combinations were evaluated to screen out the optimal cultivation mode.The main research results are as follows:(1)The planting of semi-cold-tolerant leaf vegetables in winter bridge plastic shed in Ningxia irrigation area can safely overwinter.In winter,the minimum temperature inside the greenhouse was-4.4℃(greater than the minimum temperature required for the growth of five leaf vegetables),and the temperature outside the greenhouse was-25.4℃.The minimum temperature inside the greenhouse met the needs of the five leaf vegetables for the minimum temperature(Chinese cabbage-5℃,spinach-15℃,rape-8℃,moss-10℃,bitter chrysanthemum10℃).The average air temperature inside the greenhouse was 11.9℃ higher than that outside the greenhouse,and the average soil temperature inside the greenhouse was 9.7℃ higher than that outside the greenhouse.The greenhouse environment can not only satisfy the safe overwintering of leafy vegetables,but also satisfy the efficient cultivation mode of overwintering leafy vegetables-early spring melon vegetables-late autumn vegetables.(2)Different sowing dates have different effects on the growth characteristics and yield benefit of overwintering leafy vegetables.Overall,the five leafy vegetables had the shortest growth period at the fifth sowing date(January 10);the overall quality of the first sowing date(December 1)is slightly better than other sowing dates;however,the overall yield and economic benefits of the second sowing date(11 December)were high.The membership function was used to comprehensively evaluate the growth period,quality,yield and economic benefits.It was concluded that the most suitable overwintering stubbles of vanilla,spinach,rape,moss and bitter chrysanthemum in winter bridge plastic greenhouse in Ningxia were December 31(growth period:74 days),December 1(75 days),December 21(68 days),December 31(63 days)and December 31(75 days).(3)The growth characteristics and yield of early spring melon and late autumn cabbage were different.The growth indexes(stem diameter and leaf area)of Zizania caduciflora in early spring melon were better than those of other melons and vegetables,and its output value was the highest(CNY 51434.11/666.7m2).The growth indexes of Aufeng(plant height and stem diameter)and Fenying(leaf area and chlorophyll content)were better,but the output value of Fenying was higher(10566.93 yuan/666.7m2).(4)Different combinations and combinations of overwintering leaf vegetables(spinach,rape and lichen),spring melon vegetables(Zizania caduciflora,QQ melon,cucumber,Heishuai and Qilin)and autumn fruit vegetables(big tomato:Fendeli,Aofeng and Fenying)were carried out,and a variety of efficient cultivation modes were screened out Among them,the first cultivation mode of lichen-cucumber-fenying had the highest benefit,which could reach 29129 kg/666.7 m2.The second cultivation mode of spinach-cucumber-pollen was 28281 kg/666.7m2.The fifth cultivation mode of spinach-Zizania latifolia-fenying management is relatively simple,taking into account the economic benefits,the economic benefit is 22224 kg/666.7 m2.To sum up,the temperature of the bridge plastic shed can ensure the safety of wintering leafy vegetables,that is,to achieve a year two stubble to one year three stubble;the high-efficiency cultivation mode of moss-cucumber-fenying in Ningxia has high benefit and is suitable for promotion in this area.This study can provide a theoretical basis and reference value for the efficient cultivation mode of three crops a year for vegetable production in winter in Ningxia. |
PDF Full Text Request