Biology Of Parthenogenetic Aphids Of Semiaphis Heraclei And Effects Of Crowding On Wing Differentiation

Lonicerae Japonicae Flos is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine for both medicinal and edible purposes,it has serious problem with a large market demand which is excessive pesticide residue,that seriously affects its edible and clinical drug safety.Farmers use chemical pesticides to control diseases and insect pests during the planting of Lonicera japonica which is the main cause of Honeysuckle’s pesticide residues.The Semiaphis heracleid is the dominant insect pest in the genuine producing areas of Honeysuckle,and its peak period of occurrence synchronous with the harvest period of honeysuckle.It is the main biological factor causing yield loss of Honeysuckle and excessive pesticide residue.In spring,honeysuckle’s insect pest infestation is the most serious,which damaged by parthenogenetic aphid,and the S.heraclei has two winged types was one of the important reasons to prevention and control difficultly.In this paper,the morphological characteristics,growth and development and life table of the parthenogenetic aphids of various types and instars were studied by feeding S.heraclei aphid indoors,and the identification characteristics of aphid morph,aphid ages and population characteristics of the parthenogenetic aphid were revealed.Population density was used to study the effect of crowding on wing type differentiation.The main results are as follows:1.The morphological characteristics between morphs or instars of S.heraclei and were clarified.There were four instars in both winged and wingless morphs.There was no significant difference between 1st-2nd instars.the winged morph of 3th-4th instar and adult had wing or wing bud,while the wingless morph did not have.The length of antennae,mesothorax,and cauda in the winged morph are longer than that of winged morph.The instars of S.heracleid can be quickly and reliably identified based on antenna length and hind tibia length.The cauda length,the number of antennae segment,wind bud and cauda development,also facilitate identifying the instars of this species..2.The life span of the wingless and winged aphid was 28.10±0.57d and 32.28±0.32d,respectively,and the difference between the two types was significant.The nymphal stage,especially the 1st-2nd instars of winged morph(14.28±0.06)was significantly longer than that of wingless morph(10.36±0.27),there was no significant difference in the total duration of adult stage between the two types.The reproduction of wingless morph was significantly higher than that of winged morph,the net valueadded rate was significantly different between the two morphs.3.The feeding condition during the larvae period had significant on their morph of adults.The maternal feeding conditions did not have a significant effect on the wing type of the offspring,and the feeding conditions of the nymph period had a significant effect on the wing type,and there was no additive effect between the two generations.If the aphid is cultured individually,the adult aphids are all wingless morph;if the aphids are crowded,about 13.8%to 15.6%will develop into winged morph.