| Most of the northern farming-pastoral ecotone is in arid or semi-arid area,which is short of water resources and serious grassland degradation and desertification.Based on the resource carrying capacity,the balance of water-soil-grass-livestock is of great significance to the scientific utilization of local water and soil resources,grassland resources and the development of animal husbandry.Yanchi County in Ningxia is located in the interlacing area of agriculture and animal husbandry in China,and is one of the twelve pastoral areas in China.In recent years,supported by the project of returning grazing land to grassland and the artificial forage grass project,the forage and livestock industry in Yanchi County has made great progress.However,the forage distribution and the change of forage bearing capacity under the existing water resources pattern are not clear,which affects the sustainable development of the forage and livestock industry in Yanchi County.In this study the existing pattern of distribution of water resources as the starting point,with the aid of remote sensing and field survey,the study of the existing 2010-2020,natural grassland vegetation productivity,crop straw and main forage shrubs of production and the change of time and space,based on the pattern of water and soil resources and the present situation,the evaluation of the existing natural grassland,artificial grassland and crop straw and the main forage shrub bearing capacity,The relationship between water resources distribution pattern and forage carrying capacity was analyzed.The paper discussed the characteristics and development potential of the balance of grass and livestock in Yanchi county,and provided the basis for the healthy development of grass and livestock industry and the virtuous cycle of ecology and production in Yanchi County.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The available water resources reserves of natural precipitation,Yangtze River irrigation and reservoir well irrigation in yanchi County were 6914.81×104 m3 in 2010.Since 2010,the available water resources fluctuated and increased year by year,reaching 8183.61 ×104 m3 in 2020.Yanghuang irrigation is the main source of agricultural irrigation water in Yanchi County,accounting for 67%～73%of the total available water in Yanchi County.(2)The natural grassland grass yield in Yanchi County from 2010 to 2020 ranged from 15.53～832.98 kg/ha,and the annual total grass yield fluctuated from 6.04～14.75×104t.94.4%grassland grass yield was positively correlated with rainfall,and the theoretical livestock carrying capacity ranged from 5.15～12.56×104 sheep unit.The highest theoretical carrying capacity was 1.48～3.03×104 sheep unit in Yizhuamachi Town,and the lowest was 0.25～0.7×104 sheep unit in Mayhuang Mountain town.(3)The yield of artificial forage resources in Yanchi County from 2010 to 2020 was 48.82～82.44×104 t,and the theoretical carrying capacity was 57.02～109.98 ×104 sheep unit.The proportion of caragana korskii carrying capacity was 64～84%,followed by the proportion of artificial grassland resources increased from 7%～31%.The carrying capacity of straw resources accounted for the minimum 5～12%.Caragana korshinskii and crop straw resources were the most abundant in Huamachi town,with yields of 8.17～9.90×104 t and 3.89～4.13×104 t,respectively.Dashuikeng town has the highest artificial grassland resources.(4)The actual livestock production in Yanchi County from 2010 to 2020 was 253.81-346.36 ×104 sheep units.Forage grass shortage existed in different degrees in all townships,the forage grass shortage in Huamachi Town and Fengjigou Town was larger,both exceeding 300%,and the forage grass shortage in Gaoshawo Town was smaller,less than 200%.(5)The available irrigation water consumption in Yanchi County from 2010 to 2020 was 0.69～0.81×108 m3,and the irrigation demand in the same period was 0.70～0.98×108 m3,with a shortage of 66.73～1985.22×104 m3,which could not meet the agricultural irrigation water consumption standard.The relationship between forage quantity and total water resource in salt pond is binomial,exponential function and power function.According to the analysis of water,grass and livestock balance in 2020,the water resources in Yanchi County cannot meet the needs of the development of irrigated artificial forage land to completely supplement the forage demand of the shortage of animal husbandry.Yanchi county’s water resources are mainly from Yangtze River and Yellow River irrigation.Shrub resources as feed livestock have great bearing potential,and their theoretical bearing capacity is higher than other forage resources,but their actual bearing capacity is far higher than the theoretical bearing capacity.The water supply in Yanchi County was in a short state during the study period,which could not meet the irrigation demand of artificial forage grassland with the existing scale of animal husbandry.Therefore,artificial forage grassland with water-saving irrigation should be vigorously developed,and the optimization and balance of grass and livestock should be done according to the water and grass resources to support the sustainable development of grass and livestock industry in Yanchi County. |
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