| Aiming at the problems of high annual evaporation and low crop water use efficiency in the arid zone in central Ningxia,combined with the advantages of high irrigation efficiency of underground infiltration irrigation pipelines and less ground evaporation,this paper takes okra as the research object."High-efficiency and water-saving technology park for dry farming" carried out field positioning experiments,setting different irrigation quota levels(W1:2500 m3/hm2,W2:3000 m3/hm2,W3:3500 m3/hm2)and pipeline depth levels(D1:10 cm,D2:20 cm,D3:30 cm),to study the effects of different irrigation quotas and pipe depths of underground infiltration irrigation on the water consumption law,morphological index,yield,quality and water use efficiency of okra in arid areas.Concluded as follow:(1)During the whole growth period of okra,the water consumption is positively correlated with the irrigation quota.Appropriately reducing the irrigation quota is beneficial to reduce the water consumption of okra.The water consumption intensity and water consumption modulus were the highest in the full fruit period,followed by the first flowering period,and the sum of the two accounted for more than 80%of the total water consumption,which was the main water consumption stage of okra.The overall performance of crop coefficient increased first and then decreased,and reached the maximum in the full fruit period.(2)Appropriately increasing the irrigation quota or deepening the buried depth of the pipe is beneficial to promote the growth of okra morphological indicators,as follows:the W3D2 treatment has the highest plant height,which is 165.90 cm;the W2D3 treatment has the highest stem diameter,which is 39.89 mm;the crown of the W2D2 treatment The highest width was 119.28 cm;the leaf area index of W3D1 treatment was the highest,which was 4.852.Appropriately increasing the irrigation quota is beneficial to improve the root dry matter mass and aboveground dry matter mass of okra,and deepening the buried depth of the pipeline has little effect on it.The root-shoot ratio of W2D2 treatment was 0.19,and the dry matter accumulation of W2D2 was the best.(3)Irrigation quota was the main factor affecting the num ber of fruit per plant.The number of per plant fruit in the W3D2 treatment was the highest,85.55 per plant,which was not significantly different from the W2D2 treatment.Increasing the irrigation quota or deepening the buried depth of the pipeline is beneficial to improve the economic yield and biological yield of okra.The economic coefficient is affected by both economic yield and biological yield;the economic coefficient of W2D2 treatment is the highest,which is 0.573,but its economic yield is not the highest,which is 44440.11 kg/hm2.The treatment with the highest economic yield is W3D3,which is as high as 45880.33 kg/hm2,but its biological yield is also the highest,which is 92254.63 kg/hm2,and the economic coefficient is only 0.497.(4)The fruit shape index,fresh fruit moisture content and pulp ratio of okra are mainly affected by the irrigation quota.The fruit shape index and pulp ratio of W2D2 treatment are the best,the fruit shape index is 7.40,and the pulp ratio is 83.77%;the fresh fruit treated with W2D3 is the best.The highest moisture content was 90.76%,which was not significantly different from W2D2 treatment.Appropriately deepening the buried depth of the pipeline or reducing the irrigation quota is beneficial to improve the nutritional quality of okra.The soluble sugar content,soluble protein content,vitamin C content and cellulose content of okra treated with W2D2 are the highest,which are 46.689 mg/100g FW、0.438 g/L、14.030 mg/100g and 14.172 mg/g.(5)Irrigation water use efficiency is negatively correlated with irrigation amount,and positively correlated with economic yield;the irrigation water use efficiency of W2D2 treatment is the highest,which is 14.81 kg/m3,but its economic yield is not the highest,which is 44440.11 kg/hm2;The economic yield of W3D3 treatment was the highest,45880.33 kg/hm2,but its irrigation water use efficiency was lower,13.109 kg/m3.Water use efficiency was positively correlated with economic yield and negatively correlated with crop water consumption.Among the treatments,W2D2 treatment had the highest water use efficiency of 10.69 kg/m3,which was significantly different from the other treatments,and the economic yield was as high as 44440.11 kg/hm2.Under the condition of ensuring stable economic output,appropriately reducing the irrigation quota is beneficial to improve the irrigation water use efficiency and water use efficiency of crops.The TOPSIS model was used to comprehensively evaluate the morphological index,yield,quality and water utilization rate of okra under different treatments.The relative paste progress Ci of W2D2 treatment is the highest,which is 0.828,and the comprehensive performance of each index is the best.Therefore,it is determined that the irrigation quota of 3000 m3/hm2 and the buried depth of the pipeline are 20 cm,which is the best combination of the irrigation quota and the buried depth of the underground okra in the arid region of Ningxia. |
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