Study On Application Effect Of Biogas Fertilizer In Red Fuji Orchard At Full Fruit Stage

Shaanxi Province is the largest apple producing province in China and occupies an important position in the national apple trade.Luochuan County is the main apple-producing county in Shaanxi Province,and the apple industry is the main economic source of local farmers.In recent years,fruit farmers blindly increase the amount of chemical fertilizers to pursue higher yields,and the amount of organic fertilizer is seriously insufficient,which reduces the soil fertility of orchards and affects the apple quality.Promoting the resource utilization of livestock and poultry breeding waste in apple production and accelerating the process of replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer,which is of great significance for promoting cost savings,efficiency,green health and sustainable development of the apple industry.In this study,the 14-years-old ’Changfu 2’ /Malus robusta were used as experimental materials,two schemes were set up: Furrow application of biogas residue with different amount of fertilizer and foliar spraying of biogas slurry with different volume fraction.To study the effects of furrow application of biogas residue and spraying biogas slurry on apple growth and development,fruit quality and soil nutrient content,so as to provide theoretical and practical basis for the application of Biogas Fertilizer on apple orchard.The main findings are as follows:(1)Effects of furrow application of biogas residue on growth and development,fruit quality and soil nutrients of ’Changfu 2’ appleFurrowing application of biogas residue with different amount of fertilizer can effectively promote the nutritional growth of ’Changfu 2’ apple trees and improve the quality of apple fruits.Under the treatment of furrowing application biogas residue 60 kg/plant,the length of new shoots,the diameter of new shoots,the fresh weight of leaves,the dry weight of leaves and the saturated fresh weight of leaves reached the maximum,which were increased by 8.05 %,6.73 %,25.00 %,37.93 % and 21.65 % respectively compared with the control(Single application of chemical fertilizer).The chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of furrowing application of biogas residue 60 kg/plant and 80 kg/plant were significantly higher than those of the control.The furrow application of biogas residue 60 kg/plant has the most significant effect on improving the nutrient content of leaves.Compared with the control,the apple treated with furrowing application of biogas residue 60 kg/plant had the best coloring effect,the fruit transverse diameter increased by 3.83 %,the fruit longitudinal diameter increased by 3.74 %,single fruit weight increased by 21.93 %,pulp hardness decreased by 19.44 %,soluble solids content increased by 9.88 %,soluble sugar content increased by 6.67 %,titratable acid content decreased by 18.18 %,sugar-acid ratio increased by 28.80%,the fruit quality is the best.The furrow application of biogas residue 60 kg/plant and 80 kg/plant can reduce soil p H value,make the p H tend to neutral and increase the contents of organic matter,total potassium,available potassium and available calcium.Combined with the production cost factor,it is more appropriate to apply 60 kg/plant of biogas residue in the production.(2)Effects of foliar spraying biogas slurry on growth and development and fruit quality of ’Changfu 2’ appleSpraying biogas slurry on foliar can effectively promote the nutritional growth of’Changfu 2’ apple trees and improve the quality of apple fruits.Under the treatment of spraying biogas slurry volume fraction 75 %,the length of new shoots,the diameter of new shoots,the thickness of 100 leaves,the fresh weight of leaves,the dry weight of leaves and the saturated fresh weight of leaves reached the maximum,which were increased by 7.59 %,9.55 %,11.91 %,35.90 %,33.33 % and 31.52 % respectively compared with the control(Spraying water).The four treatments of spraying biogas slurry could increase chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate and nutrient element content in leaves,and the treatment with spraying biogas slurry volume fraction 75 % was the best.Compared with the control,the apple treated with spraying biogas slurry volume fraction 75 % had the best coloring effect and high pericarp ductility,the fruit transverse diameter increased by 3.32 %,the fruit longitudinal diameter increased by 4.00 %,single fruit weight increased by 12.85 %,pulp hardness decreased by 21.62 %,soluble solids content increased by 16.39 %,soluble sugar content increased by 10.59 %,titratable acid content decreased by 9.68 %,sugar-acid ratio increased by 22.08 %.The contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,total calcium and total magnesium in the fruit reached the maximum.To sum up,combined with the impact of spraying biogas slurry on various indicators,and based on factors such as scientific fertilization,reducing input cost and improving fruit quality,the treatment method of spraying biogas slurry volume fraction 75 % is recommended in production.